Question 1

One night after he heard his parents arguing,4-year-old Wei had a vivid dream in which he saved his mother from being bitten by a large snake.A psychoanalyst would most likely suspect that Wei's dream reflects a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   oral fixation.
B)   reaction formation.
C)   projective test.
D)   Oedipus complex.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Excessive self-confidence is especially likely to be facilitated by the difficulty in recognizing

Accepted Answer

A)   reciprocal determinism.
B)   free association.
C)   one's own incompetence.
D)   unconditional positive regard.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

When Vanessa noticed that she was wearing mismatched socks,she overestimated the extent to which others would also notice.Her reaction best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   the spotlight effect.
B)   defensive self-esteem.
C)   reciprocal determinism.
D)   self-efficacy.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 4

Freud emphasized that effective treatment of psychological disorders involves the

Accepted Answer

A)   fixation of repressed sexual desires.
B)   projection of repressed fears.
C)   exploration of repressed memories.
D)   displacement of repressed hostilities.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 5

A refusal to believe direct and highly credible evidence that your spouse is suffering from a terminal illness best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   denial.
B)   displacement.
C)   fixation.
D)   projection.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Research on self-perception indicates that most people

Accepted Answer

A)   are more critical of themselves than they are of other people.
B)   are unrealistically pessimistic about their personal future.
C)   more quickly believe flattering descriptions of themselves than unflattering feedback.
D)   feel more personally responsible for their failures than for their successes.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 7

As her parents became increasingly more abusive toward her,Amity began,with apparent sincerity,to emphatically express her great admiration for her parents.Amity's behavior illustrates most clearly the defense mechanism of

Accepted Answer

A)   projection.
B)   displacement.
C)   rationalization.
D)   reaction formation.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 8

Freud would have suggested that a man's inability to remember his childhood Oedipus complex illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   rationalization.
B)   repression.
C)   displacement.
D)   projection.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

The stability of personality during adulthood best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

A)   a hierarchy of needs.
B)   a positive self-concept.
C)   factor analysis.
D)   trait theories.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 10

The image of an iceberg is frequently used to illustrate ________ idea of the mind's structure.

Accepted Answer

A)   Adler's
B)   Freud's
C)   Jung's
D)   Murray'sE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 11

Terror-management theory emphasizes that anxiety is triggered by an awareness of one's

Accepted Answer

A)   impending death.
B)   erogenous zones.
C)   fixations.
D)   Oedipus complex.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Refusing to believe or even to perceive painful realities constitutes the defense mechanism known as

Accepted Answer

A)   regression.
B)   denial.
C)   displacement.
D)   projection.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Henry Murray found that children's perceptions of photographs were biased by their previous participation in a frightening game.Their perceptual reactions most clearly highlighted the potential value of

Accepted Answer

A)   projective tests.
B)   free association.
C)   identification.
D)   archetypes.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Jeremy consistently attributes his poor work performance to his own incompetence.This most clearly indicates that he experiences a low level of

Accepted Answer

A)   self-awareness.
B)   fixation.
C)   reciprocal determinism.
D)   self-efficacy.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Freud suggested that adults with a passive personality marked by a childlike dependency demonstrate signs of

Accepted Answer

A)   an oral fixation.
B)   an inferiority complex.
C)   reaction formation.
D)   an Oedipus complex.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 16

We can better predict drivers' behavior at traffic lights from knowing the color of the lights than from knowing the drivers' personalities.This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   individualism.
B)   trait heritability.
C)   self-transcendence.
D)   situational influences.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Which theorists are most likely to be criticized for underestimating the variability of behavior from situation to situation?

Accepted Answer

A)   social-cognitive
B)   psychodynamic
C)   humanistic
D)   traitE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

The superego is the part of personality that

Accepted Answer

A)   mediates between the demands of biology and the external world.
B)   operates on the reality principle.
C)   generates feelings of guilt.
D)   performs all of these functions.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Critics have most frequently objected to the emphasis on individualism offered by the

Accepted Answer

A)   trait perspective.
B)   humanistic perspective.
C)   psychodynamic perspective.
D)   social-cognitive perspective.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

According to Carl Jung,the collective unconscious

Accepted Answer

A)   includes memories of our childhood social tensions.
B)   triggers attempts to achieve superiority.
C)   contains archetypes derived from our species' universal experiences.
D)   is a reservoir for our sexual and aggressive motivations.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Exam 15: Personality

Research on self-perception indicates that most people

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Freud suggested that adults with a passive personality marked by a childlike dependency demonstrate signs of

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Freud would have suggested that a man's inability to remember his childhood Oedipus complex illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jeremy consistently attributes his poor work performance to his own incompetence.This most clearly indicates that he experiences a low level of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The stability of personality during adulthood best illustrates the value of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Excessive self-confidence is especially likely to be facilitated by the difficulty in recognizing

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

We can better predict drivers' behavior at traffic lights from knowing the color of the lights than from knowing the drivers' personalities.This best illustrates the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The superego is the part of personality that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A refusal to believe direct and highly credible evidence that your spouse is suffering from a terminal illness best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Terror-management theory emphasizes that anxiety is triggered by an awareness of one's

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Vanessa noticed that she was wearing mismatched socks,she overestimated the extent to which others would also notice.Her reaction best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Carl Jung,the collective unconscious

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Henry Murray found that children's perceptions of photographs were biased by their previous participation in a frightening game.Their perceptual reactions most clearly highlighted the potential value of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud emphasized that effective treatment of psychological disorders involves the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which theorists are most likely to be criticized for underestimating the variability of behavior from situation to situation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Critics have most frequently objected to the emphasis on individualism offered by the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Refusing to believe or even to perceive painful realities constitutes the defense mechanism known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One night after he heard his parents arguing,4-year-old Wei had a vivid dream in which he saved his mother from being bitten by a large snake.A psychoanalyst would most likely suspect that Wei's dream reflects a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The image of an iceberg is frequently used to illustrate ________ idea of the mind's structure.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As her parents became increasingly more abusive toward her,Amity began,with apparent sincerity,to emphatically express her great admiration for her parents.Amity's behavior illustrates most clearly the defense mechanism of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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