Question 1

Under normal conditions,most water loss from the body is through the

Accepted Answer

A)  skin.
B)  kidneys.
C)  lungs.
D)  GI tract.
E)  sweat.F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 2

Atrial natriuretic hormone increases

Accepted Answer

A)  urine volume.
B)  ADH secretion.
C)  aldosterone secretion.
D)  the reabsorption of sodium ions.
E)  blood volume.F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a principle sensor for thirst regulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
B)  arterial baroreceptors
C)  juxtaglomerular apparatus
D)  mouth mucosaE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

A person working in the hot sun loses the greatest amount of water from the

Accepted Answer

A)  lungs.
B)  urine.
C)  mouth.
D)  skin.
E)  GI tract.F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 5

An increase in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid will trigger a(n) ___________ in the secretion of ADH and a(n) ____________ in thirst.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase; increase
B)  increase; decrease
C)  decrease; decrease
D)  decrease; increaseE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

In renal compensation of acidosis,

Accepted Answer

A)  H+ secretion decreases; bicarbonate excretion increases.
B)  H+ secretion decreases; bicarbonate reabsorption increases.
C)  H+ secretion increases; bicarbonate reabsorption increases.
D)  H+ secretion increases; bicarbonate excretion increases.
E)  H+ secretion decreases; bicarbonate excretion decreases.F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 7

Chemicals that function to minimize changes in the pH of body fluids are called

Accepted Answer

A)  buffers.
B)  inhibitors.
C)  accelerators.
D)  activators.
E)  stabilizers.F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

Question 8

The most common cause of hyperkalemia is

Accepted Answer

A)  vomiting.
B)  increased dietary intake.
C)  increased urinary output.
D)  cellular injury or death.
E)  diarrhea.F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 9

Extracellular fluid has a

Accepted Answer

A)  higher protein content than intracellular fluid.
B)  higher potassium content than intracellular fluid.
C)  higher sodium content than intracellular fluid.
D)  higher magnesium content than intracellular fluid
E)  higher number of large organic molecules than intracellular fluid.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 10

Respiratory alkalosis can occur as a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  asphyxia.
B)  asthma.
C)  severe emphysema.
D)  hyperventilation.
E)  hypoventilation.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 11

The predominant extracellular cation is

Accepted Answer

A)  bicarbonate.
B)  sodium.
C)  chloride.
D)  potassium.
E)  hydrogen ion.F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

Potassium levels in the body are regulated by

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH.
B)  PTH.
C)  calcitonin.
D)  aldosterone.
E)  insulin.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 13

Prolonged vomiting of stomach contents will result in

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic acidosis.
B)  metabolic alkalosis.
C)  respiratory acidosis.
D)  respiratory alkalosis.
E)  None of these choices is correct.F) None of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 14

When aldosterone is absent,sodium reabsorption in the nephron is

Accepted Answer

A)  greatly increased.
B)  greatly decreased.
C)  unchanged.D) All of the above
E) A) and B)

Question 15

If the hydrogen ion concentration in the blood increases,bicarbonate ions act as buffers by

Accepted Answer

A)  removing excess hydrogen ions from the plasma.
B)  releasing hydrogen ions into the plasma.
C)  dissociating into H+ and CO3-.
D)  combining with chloride ions.
E)  combining with hemoglobin.F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 16

Which of the following is not a function of the carbonic acid/bicarbonate system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Regulation of the pH of the intracellular environment
B)  Regulating pH changes of the blood during exercise
C)  Regulation of blood pH during elevated fat matabolism
D)  Regulation of blood pH in coordination with the respiratory system
E)  Regulation of blood pH in coordination with the kidneysF) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 17

Which of the following statements concerning potassium ions is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  An increase in the extracellular potassium ion concentration leads to depolarization.
B)  Potassium ions are secreted into the nephron by the distal convoluted tubule.
C)  When aldosterone levels are high,potassium secretion is low.
D)  Aldosterone secretion is stimulated by high blood levels of potassium ions.
E)  None of these choices is false.F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 18

Which of the following represents the largest fluid compartment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intracellular fluid
B)  Extracellular fluid
C)  Interstitial fluid
D)  Blood plasma
E)  LymphF) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 19

Azetazolamide (Diamox) is a diuretic.It functions by blocking the activity of carbonic anhydrase inside kidney tubule cells.This slows the formation of carbonic acid.By slowing the formation of hydrogen ions in the cells of the tubule,sodium reabsorption is also slowed.This results in the diuretic effect.Select from the following list the possible side-effects of Azetazolamide. (1) acidosis
(2) reduced movement of bicarbonate ion into the plasma
(3) an alkaline urine is produced
(4) respiration increases

Accepted Answer

A)  1,4
B)  2,3
C)  1,2,3
D)  2,3,4
E)  1,2,3,4F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 20

You've been working outside in the hot sun and are dripping wet with sweat.Your fluid intake has been minimal as you have been too busy to stop and get a drink.You would expect

Accepted Answer

A)  your blood osmolality to be low.
B)  an increase in the production of urine.
C)  aldosterone levels to decrease.
D)  ADH levels to increase.
E)  ADH levels to decrease.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Exam 27: Water,electrolyte,and Acid-Based Balance

Which of the following represents the largest fluid compartment?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not a function of the carbonic acid/bicarbonate system?

Correct Answer
verified

In renal compensation of acidosis,

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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The predominant extracellular cation is

Correct Answer
verified

Extracellular fluid has a

Correct Answer
verified

When aldosterone is absent,sodium reabsorption in the nephron is

Correct Answer
verified

A person working in the hot sun loses the greatest amount of water from the

Correct Answer
verified

Chemicals that function to minimize changes in the pH of body fluids are called

Correct Answer
verified

You've been working outside in the hot sun and are dripping wet with sweat.Your fluid intake has been minimal as you have been too busy to stop and get a drink.You would expect

Correct Answer
verified

The most common cause of hyperkalemia is

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements concerning potassium ions is false?

Correct Answer
verified

Respiratory alkalosis can occur as a result of

Correct Answer
verified

If the hydrogen ion concentration in the blood increases,bicarbonate ions act as buffers by

Correct Answer
verified

Potassium levels in the body are regulated by

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is NOT a principle sensor for thirst regulation?

Correct Answer
verified

Atrial natriuretic hormone increases

Correct Answer
verified

Prolonged vomiting of stomach contents will result in

Correct Answer
verified

Under normal conditions,most water loss from the body is through the

Correct Answer
verified

An increase in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid will trigger a(n) _ in the secretion of ADH and a(n) __ in thirst.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 27: Water,electrolyte,and Acid-Based Balance

Which of the following represents the largest fluid compartment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a function of the carbonic acid/bicarbonate system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In renal compensation of acidosis,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The predominant extracellular cation is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Extracellular fluid has a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When aldosterone is absent,sodium reabsorption in the nephron is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person working in the hot sun loses the greatest amount of water from the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chemicals that function to minimize changes in the pH of body fluids are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You've been working outside in the hot sun and are dripping wet with sweat.Your fluid intake has been minimal as you have been too busy to stop and get a drink.You would expect

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most common cause of hyperkalemia is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements concerning potassium ions is false?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Respiratory alkalosis can occur as a result of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the hydrogen ion concentration in the blood increases,bicarbonate ions act as buffers by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Potassium levels in the body are regulated by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a principle sensor for thirst regulation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Atrial natriuretic hormone increases

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prolonged vomiting of stomach contents will result in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Under normal conditions,most water loss from the body is through the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An increase in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid will trigger a(n) ___________ in the secretion of ADH and a(n) ____________ in thirst.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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An increase in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid will trigger a(n) _ in the secretion of ADH and a(n) __ in thirst.

Correct Answer
verified