Question 1

Who is credited with founding the concept of self-efficacy?

Accepted Answer

A)   Martin Seligman
B)   Phil Zimbardo
C)   Wally Piper
D)   Albert BanduraE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

What types of environments are most likely to promote optimism?

Accepted Answer

A)   Those which are disorganized.
B)   Those which are safe.
C)   Those in which the parents are divorced.
D)   Those in which mothers stay home with their children.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

In academic pursuits, what difference exists for self-efficacy between men and women?

Accepted Answer

A)   Women had higher self-efficacy in math and social science, while men had higher self-efficacy in language arts.
B)   Women had higher self-efficacy in math, there was no difference for language arts.
C)   Men had higher self-efficacy in math and social science, while women had higher self-efficacy in language arts.
D)   Men had higher self-efficacy in language arts, but not there was no difference for social sciences.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

Which of the following statements about self-efficacy is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Exposure is more important than self-efficacy in determining the ability to navigate in more than one culture.
B)   Self-efficacy can operate when large numbers of people are pursuing shared objectives.
C)   Self-efficacy is more helpful to people of minority cultures than two people of majority cultures.
D)   Self-efficacy is a largely Western concept that has limited applicability to other cultures.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 5

In childhood, what is considered crucial in imparting hope?

Accepted Answer

A)   financial stability
B)   having good friends
C)   strong attachment
D)   academic achievementE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Optimists take a problem-solving approach when coping with stressors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What is at the core of the concept of self-efficacy?

Accepted Answer

A)   Analyzing one's capability to reach their desired goal.
B)   A belief that you can accomplish what you want.
C)   The view that good things will happen to you.
D)   An understanding that a bad outcome is subjective.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Bandura claimed that self-efficacy had the most studied concept in positive psychology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 9

How would a pessimist explain a bad event?

Accepted Answer

A)   as external, variable, and specific
B)   as internal, variable, and global
C)   as internal, stable, and global
D)   as external, stable, and specificE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

Which of the following people is most likely to fall victim to stereotype threat?

Accepted Answer

A)   A man who must write a paper for his sociology class.
B)   A woman who will give a speech at her high school graduation.
C)   A man who is taking an IQ test.
D)   A woman who is applying to get a math scholarship.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 11

Which term can be described as someone's judgments about what needs to be done to reach a desired goal?

Accepted Answer

A)   self-efficacy
B)   outcome expectancies
C)   self-esteem
D)   efficacy expectanciesE) None of the above
F) C) and D) B

Question 12

Research has shown that when waking up in the morning, individuals high in dispositional optimism have a lower response of which chemical?

Accepted Answer

A)   melatonin
B)   GABA
C)   cortisol
D)   HGHE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 13

The Life Orientation Test (LOT)  is an index of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   career choices
B)   joyfulness
C)   optimism
D)   existential theoriesE) B) and D)
F) A) and D) C

Question 14

Which of the following people exemplifies characteristics that high levels of situation-specific self-efficacy can predict?

Accepted Answer

A)   Someone who has increased their happiness.
B)   Someone who has low levels of anxiety.
C)   Someone who has a lower pain tolerance.
D)   Someone who is unlikely to become divorced.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 15

What is negatively correlated with elevated self-efficacy?

Accepted Answer

A)   health-related behaviors
B)   amount of exercise
C)   unhealthy behaviors
D)   effective study skillsE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 16

What is the evidence that suggests there is some genetic component to explanatory style?

Accepted Answer

A)   Learned optimism scores are more highly correlated for identical than fraternal twins.
B)   Learned optimism scores are moderately correlated between extended family members.
C)   Learned optimism scores among siblings are not highly correlated.
D)   Learned optimism scores are highly correlated for parents and their children.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

What is an advantage of a present temporal orientation?

Accepted Answer

A)   It increases the likelihood that we will engage in preventative behaviors.
B)   It provides a sentimental perspective than enhances pleasure.
C)   People can experience great pleasure in intense activities.
D)   People can set clear goals and construct the appropriate pathways to those goals.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 18

Native Americans, Latinos, African-Americans, and Asian Americans tend to perceive time in a way where many things are conceptualized as happening at once with people, which is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   polytemporal
B)   polysequential
C)   polychromatic
D)   polychromicE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Discuss how utilizing optimism can benefit African Americans in dealing with adversity.

Accepted Answer

Students should explain that African Ame...

Question 20

The sense of assurance in one's ability to participate and interact in a culture of origin and a second culture is referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   cultural self-efficacy
B)   acculturative self-efficacy
C)   adaptive self-efficacy
D)   bicultural self-efficacyE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Exam 8: Seeing Our Futures Through Self-Efficacy, Optimism, and Hope

Who is credited with founding the concept of self-efficacy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What types of environments are most likely to promote optimism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In academic pursuits, what difference exists for self-efficacy between men and women?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about self-efficacy is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In childhood, what is considered crucial in imparting hope?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Optimists take a problem-solving approach when coping with stressors.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is at the core of the concept of self-efficacy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bandura claimed that self-efficacy had the most studied concept in positive psychology.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

How would a pessimist explain a bad event?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following people is most likely to fall victim to stereotype threat?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which term can be described as someone's judgments about what needs to be done to reach a desired goal?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Research has shown that when waking up in the morning, individuals high in dispositional optimism have a lower response of which chemical?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Life Orientation Test (LOT) is an index of ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Which of the following people exemplifies characteristics that high levels of situation-specific self-efficacy can predict?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is negatively correlated with elevated self-efficacy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the evidence that suggests there is some genetic component to explanatory style?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is an advantage of a present temporal orientation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Native Americans, Latinos, African-Americans, and Asian Americans tend to perceive time in a way where many things are conceptualized as happening at once with people, which is called ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss how utilizing optimism can benefit African Americans in dealing with adversity.

Correct AnswerverifiedStudents should explain that African Ame...View AnswerShow Answer

The sense of assurance in one's ability to participate and interact in a culture of origin and a second culture is referred to as ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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True

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B

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C

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Students should explain that African Ame...
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