Question 1

The area of the brain initially affected by Lewy bodies is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  substantia nigra.
B)  hypothalamus.
C)  amygdala.
D)  cerebellum.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Increasing the dietary intake of calcium has not,in general,been an effective method of increasing bone mineral content in postmenopausal women.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Fatty streaks are composed primarily of cholesterol in the form of oxidized low-density lipoproteins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Motor neurons convey output from the central nervous system to the interneurons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following is not a common treatment for hypertension?

Accepted Answer

A)  mevalonate
B)  beta-blockers
C)  angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
D)  diureticsE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 6

The two general systems that make up the human nervous system are the _______ and ______ nervous systems.

Accepted Answer

A)  central;effector
B)  peripheral;central
C)  peripheral;sensory
D)  central;motorE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

What is the leading risk factor for type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of physical activity
B)  genetics
C)  obesity
D)  smokingE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 8

People with Alzheimer's lose a sense of their relationship to the world during the mild stage,when the disease progresses into the temporal and frontal lobes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The loss of estrogen in postmenopausal women has what effect on bone?

Accepted Answer

A)  increases osteoblastic activity
B)  decreases osteoclastic activity
C)  increases osteocytosis
D)  increases osteoclastic activityE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 10

______ bone is highly vascularized,and its structure creates a large surface area for bone-blood vessel contact.

Accepted Answer

A)  compact
B)  osteoclastic
C)  trabecular
D)  osteoblasticE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 11

In the polyol pathway,glucose is converted to ______ and ______,which accumulate in the cell and can lead to intracellular damage.

Accepted Answer

A)  maltose;fructose
B)  fructose;sorbitol
C)  sorbitol;maltose
D)  lactose;maltoseE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 12

catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine are known as what type of neural transmitter?

Accepted Answer

A)  nicotinic
B)  adrenergic
C)  muscarinic
D)  dopaminergicE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

A change in the potential of the neuron membrane so that it becomes less polarized is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  the resting membrane potential.
B)  hyperpolarization.
C)  hypopolarization.
D)  depolarization.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 14

The atria of the heart pump oxygen-rich blood to the systemic circulation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The stretching of the muscle of the ventricle to match the volume of blood it contains is called ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The stretching of the muscle of the...

Question 16

Less than 1% of all Parkinson's disease patients are under 50 years of age.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

What part of the neuron carries signals from the cell body to other neurons?

Accepted Answer

A)  axon
B)  dendrites
C)  synapse
D)  myelinE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 18

Diastolic congestive heart failure occurs primarily when the ventricle wall has become stiff,resulting in a decrease in compliance and end diastolic volume.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What factor seems to be the underlying cause of the age-related decline in the heart's ability to respond quickly to demands for greater cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

A)  a decline in neural innervation
B)  the altered contractility of the left ventricle
C)  the altered compliance of the right ventricle
D)  a decrease in sinus node adrenoreceptorsE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

The diagnostic criterion for type 2 diabetes that involves hemoglobin takes advantage of what process causing damage to cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  formation of reactive oxygen species
B)  lipid membrane alterations
C)  reduction in mRNA translation
D)  nonenzymatic glycosylationE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 9: Age-Related Disease in Humans

The loss of estrogen in postmenopausal women has what effect on bone?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Less than 1% of all Parkinson's disease patients are under 50 years of age.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the polyol pathway,glucose is converted to ______ and ______,which accumulate in the cell and can lead to intracellular damage.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The two general systems that make up the human nervous system are the _______ and ______ nervous systems.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The atria of the heart pump oxygen-rich blood to the systemic circulation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The diagnostic criterion for type 2 diabetes that involves hemoglobin takes advantage of what process causing damage to cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Diastolic congestive heart failure occurs primarily when the ventricle wall has become stiff,resulting in a decrease in compliance and end diastolic volume.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the leading risk factor for type 2 diabetes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Increasing the dietary intake of calcium has not,in general,been an effective method of increasing bone mineral content in postmenopausal women.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A change in the potential of the neuron membrane so that it becomes less polarized is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a common treatment for hypertension?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Motor neurons convey output from the central nervous system to the interneurons.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The stretching of the muscle of the ventricle to match the volume of blood it contains is called ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People with Alzheimer's lose a sense of their relationship to the world during the mild stage,when the disease progresses into the temporal and frontal lobes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine are known as what type of neural transmitter?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The area of the brain initially affected by Lewy bodies is the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

______ bone is highly vascularized,and its structure creates a large surface area for bone-blood vessel contact.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What factor seems to be the underlying cause of the age-related decline in the heart's ability to respond quickly to demands for greater cardiac output?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fatty streaks are composed primarily of cholesterol in the form of oxidized low-density lipoproteins.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What part of the neuron carries signals from the cell body to other neurons?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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In the polyol pathway,glucose is converted to and ,which accumulate in the cell and can lead to intracellular damage.

Correct Answer
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The two general systems that make up the human nervous system are the _ and nervous systems.

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