Question 1

During the Miocene epoch of the Cenozoic era, there was an adaptive radiation of which kind of primate?

Accepted Answer

A)   prosimians
B)   monkeys
C)   apes
D)   humansE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 2

Like that of Dryopithecus, a modern gorilla mandible has

Accepted Answer

A)   sharp, high crests on the teeth.
B)   large canines and no diastema.
C)   a Y-5 molar pattern and sinodonty.
D)   a Y-5 molar pattern; low, rounded cusps; large canines; and a diastema.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Khoratpithecus has been proposed as the

Accepted Answer

A)   oldest fossil in Africa.
B)   ancestor to Gigantopithecus.
C)   ancestor to orangutans.
D)   ancestor to Aegyptopithecus.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 4

Which Eocene organisms had clear primate characteristics like a postorbital bar, opposable thumbs, nails, and a large brain?

Accepted Answer

A)   proprimates and euprimates
B)   adapids and omomyids
C)   basal anthropoids
D)   plesiadapiformsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

A difference between Miocene apes and modern apes is the

Accepted Answer

A)   length of the tail.
B)   breadth of the ribcage.
C)   size of the hands.
D)   morphology of the foot.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Apes went extinct in southern Europe (including France, Spain, Italy, and Greece)  during the late Miocene, probably as a result of

Accepted Answer

A)   a meteor impact.
B)   a disease pandemic.
C)   climate change.
D)   early humans hunting them for food.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

If you are examining the fossil remains of the genus Dryopithecus, they are MOST likely from where?

Accepted Answer

A)   India
B)   Bolivia
C)   France
D)   ChinaE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 8

The MOST distinctive feature of ape dentition, which clearly distinguishes apes from Old World monkeys, is

Accepted Answer

A)   a 2/1/2/3 dental formula.
B)   a long canine tooth in males.
C)   a Y-5 molar pattern.
D)   bilophodont molars.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Which genus is considered the ancestor to adapids and omomyids?

Accepted Answer

A)   Notharctus
B)   Proconsul
C)   Carpolestes
D)   EosimiasE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 10

A rapid temperature increase about 55 mya created tropical conditions around the world, resulting in the

Accepted Answer

A)   adaptive radiation of Euprimates.
B)   development of Dryopithecus.
C)   spread of Sivapithecus.
D)   extinction of many primate species.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

The space between the canine and the first premolar in the lower jaw of some primates is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   retrocanine space.
B)   alveolus.
C)   mandibular gap.
D)   diastema.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Euprimates represent the first true

Accepted Answer

A)   anthropoids.
B)   primates.
C)   mammals.
D)   catarrhini.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 13

Which of the following species of early primates had the MOST biological diversity?

Accepted Answer

A)   Eosimias
B)   Proconsul
C)   Dryopithecus
D)   OreopithecusE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 14

The visual predation hypothesis proposes that

Accepted Answer

A)   better vision allowed for better access to fruits and small insects.
B)   primate traits arose as adaptations to preying on insects and small animals.
C)   species could see predators from farther away, thereby securing time to flee.
D)   predators had the ability to see primates better.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 15

Paleocene organisms that may have been the first primates were

Accepted Answer

A)   adapids.
B)   proconsulids.
C)   dryopithecids.
D)   plesiadapiforms.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 16

Canadian primate paleontologist David Begun proposes that climate changes in Europe prompted late Miocene apes to

Accepted Answer

A)   migrate to Asia from Europe following food sources.
B)   take advantage of lower sea levels to migrate from Europe to South America.
C)   spread to Europe from Africa following the expansion of tropical forests.
D)   move from Europe back to Africa following food sources.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Which anatomical feature would you expect to find in the fossil remains of a nocturnal species?

Accepted Answer

A)   long legs
B)   pointy teeth
C)   large eye orbits
D)   short fingers and toesE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

The calcaneus (heel bone)  of Eosimias suggests that it may be a very primitive

Accepted Answer

A)   primate.
B)   anthropoid.
C)   New World monkey.
D)   ape.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Two genera of propliopithecids include

Accepted Answer

A)   Aegyptopithecus and Micropithecus.
B)   Propliopithecus and Aegyptopithecus.
C)   Micropithecus and Aegyptopithecus.
D)   Propliopithecus and Proconsul.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 20

The Fayum depression has yielded fossils of

Accepted Answer

A)   oligopithecids, parapithecids, and propliopithecids.
B)   Proconsul, Notharctus, and Adapis.
C)   Eosimias, Biretia, and Micropithecus.
D)   Proconsul, Eosimias, and Adapis.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 9: Primate Origins and Evolution: the First 50 Million Years

A difference between Miocene apes and modern apes is the

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Khoratpithecus has been proposed as the

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During the Miocene epoch of the Cenozoic era, there was an adaptive radiation of which kind of primate?

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Paleocene organisms that may have been the first primates were

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you are examining the fossil remains of the genus Dryopithecus, they are MOST likely from where?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Apes went extinct in southern Europe (including France, Spain, Italy, and Greece) during the late Miocene, probably as a result of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The space between the canine and the first premolar in the lower jaw of some primates is a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which anatomical feature would you expect to find in the fossil remains of a nocturnal species?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The MOST distinctive feature of ape dentition, which clearly distinguishes apes from Old World monkeys, is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Euprimates represent the first true

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The Fayum depression has yielded fossils of

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Two genera of propliopithecids include

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Like that of Dryopithecus, a modern gorilla mandible has

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Which of the following species of early primates had the MOST biological diversity?

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The calcaneus (heel bone) of Eosimias suggests that it may be a very primitive

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which Eocene organisms had clear primate characteristics like a postorbital bar, opposable thumbs, nails, and a large brain?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The visual predation hypothesis proposes that

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A rapid temperature increase about 55 mya created tropical conditions around the world, resulting in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Canadian primate paleontologist David Begun proposes that climate changes in Europe prompted late Miocene apes to

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Which genus is considered the ancestor to adapids and omomyids?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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