Question 1

The kidneys make the final enzyme for synthesis of the hormone ________, which causes increased calcium absorption in the small intestine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The kidneys make the final enzyme for...

Question 2

Which is the correct sequence of arteries that a drop of blood would flow through as it entered the kidney and moved toward a glomerulus?

Accepted Answer

A)   Segmental artery - interlobar artery - interlobular artery - renal artery - arcuate artery
B)   Interlobar artery - segmental artery - interlobular artery - renal artery - arcuate artery
C)   Renal artery - interlobar artery - segmental artery - arcuate artery - interlobular artery
D)   Renal artery - segmental artery - interlobar artery - arcuate artery - interlobular artery
E)   Arcuate artery - interlobular artery - segmental artery - interlobar artery - renal arteryF) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 3

The concave medial border of the kidney is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The concave medial border of the kidney...

Question 4

Gross & microscopic anatomy of the urinary tract, including detailed histology of the nephron. 
-This figure shows a frontal section of the kidney. Which number indicates the renal pelvis?

Accepted Answer

A)   1
B)   2
C)   4
D)   8
E)   9F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 5

Which step(s)  in the process of urine formation occur in the renal tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)   Filtration only
B)   Secretion only
C)   Reabsorption only
D)   Filtration, secretion, and reabsorption
E)   Secretion and reabsorption onlyF) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 6

Nutrients such as glucose and amino acids within the tubular fluid

Accepted Answer

A)   are completely secreted.
B)   are completely reabsorbed.
C)   have half of their plasma concentration secreted.
D)   have a little less than half of their tubular fluid concentration reabsorbed.
E)   have concentrations in the filtrate and urine that match their transport maximum.F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 7

To calculate GFR, the concentration of a marker molecule is measured in both the blood and the urine, and the total volume of urine produced is also measured. Which of the following sets of results indicates the highest GFR?

Accepted Answer

A)   High concentration of the marker in the blood, high volume of urine, low concentration of the marker in the urine
B)   High concentration of the marker in the urine, high volume of urine, low concentration of the marker in the blood
C)   High concentration of the marker in the urine, low volume of urine, high concentration of the marker in the blood
D)   High concentration of the marker in the blood, low volume of urine, high concentration of the marker in the bloodE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 8

The primary mechanism of water reabsorption in the kidney is

Accepted Answer

A)   primary active transport by means of a protein pump.
B)   osmosis through aquaporins.
C)   secondary active transport by means of a sodium-water symporter.
D)   bulk transport by means of endocytosis.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 9

Blood pressure in the glomerulus is ________ than in other capillaries due to the relatively large diameter of ________ arterioles.

Accepted Answer

A)   higher; afferent
B)   higher; efferent
C)   lower; afferent
D)   lower; efferentE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Dehydration results in

Accepted Answer

A)   increased ADH secretion and increased water reabsorption.
B)   increased ADH secretion and decreased water reabsorption.
C)   decreased ADH secretion and increased water reabsorption.
D)   decreased ADH secretion and decreased water reabsorption.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

Which is not correct regarding the urinary bladder?

Accepted Answer

A)   There are two ureteral openings.
B)   The inferior portion of the bladder is called the apex.
C)   The mucosa has rugae for distension.
D)   The peritoneum covers only the superior surface of the bladder.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Water and glucose are freely filtered through the filtration membrane of a renal corpuscle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

As blood flows through the vasa recta alongside the ascending limb of the nephron loop, the blood is flowing

Accepted Answer

A)   toward the cortex.
B)   deep into the medulla.C) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 14

The endothelium of the glomerulus is made up of ________ capillaries.

Accepted Answer

A)   fenestrated
B)   continuousC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 15

An obstruction in the glomerulus would affect the flow of blood into the

Accepted Answer

A)   renal artery.
B)   proximal convoluted tubule.
C)   efferent arteriole.
D)   distal convoluted tubule.
E)   afferent arteriole.F) C) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 16

Which processes does urea undergo within the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is filtered but neither reabsorbed nor secreted.
B)   It is filtered and can be reabsorbed and secreted.
C)   It is filtered and can also be secreted but not reabsorbed.
D)   It is not filtered nor reabsorbed but can be secreted.
E)   It is not filtered but can be secreted and reabsorbed.F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 17

The nephron loop makes a hairpin turn within the ________ and its ________ limb ends at the distal convoluted tubule.

Accepted Answer

A)   cortex; ascending
B)   cortex; descending
C)   medulla; ascending
D)   medulla; descendingE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

Both the proximal convoluted tubule and the distal convoluted tubule reside in the cortex of the kidney.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Within the urinary system, the storage reflex involves

Accepted Answer

A)   contraction of both the detrusor muscle and the internal urethral sphincter.
B)   contraction of the detrusor muscle and relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter.
C)   relaxation of the detrusor muscle and contraction of the internal urethral sphincter.
D)   relaxation of both the detrusor muscle and the internal urethral sphincter.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Where in the urinary tract is transitional epithelium found?

Accepted Answer

A)   Urinary bladder
B)   Urethra
C)   Ureters, urinary bladder, and prostatic urethra
D)   Ureters
E)   Ureters and urinary bladderF) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Exam 24: Urinary System

Both the proximal convoluted tubule and the distal convoluted tubule reside in the cortex of the kidney.

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Which processes does urea undergo within the kidney?

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Blood pressure in the glomerulus is ________ than in other capillaries due to the relatively large diameter of ________ arterioles.

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As blood flows through the vasa recta alongside the ascending limb of the nephron loop, the blood is flowing

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The concave medial border of the kidney is called the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Within the urinary system, the storage reflex involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An obstruction in the glomerulus would affect the flow of blood into the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nutrients such as glucose and amino acids within the tubular fluid

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The nephron loop makes a hairpin turn within the ________ and its ________ limb ends at the distal convoluted tubule.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To calculate GFR, the concentration of a marker molecule is measured in both the blood and the urine, and the total volume of urine produced is also measured. Which of the following sets of results indicates the highest GFR?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The primary mechanism of water reabsorption in the kidney is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is not correct regarding the urinary bladder?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Water and glucose are freely filtered through the filtration membrane of a renal corpuscle.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dehydration results in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which step(s) in the process of urine formation occur in the renal tubule?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gross & microscopic anatomy of the urinary tract, including detailed histology of the nephron. -This figure shows a frontal section of the kidney. Which number indicates the renal pelvis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The kidneys make the final enzyme for synthesis of the hormone ________, which causes increased calcium absorption in the small intestine.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is the correct sequence of arteries that a drop of blood would flow through as it entered the kidney and moved toward a glomerulus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where in the urinary tract is transitional epithelium found?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The endothelium of the glomerulus is made up of ________ capillaries.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Blood pressure in the glomerulus is than in other capillaries due to the relatively large diameter of arterioles.

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The nephron loop makes a hairpin turn within the and its limb ends at the distal convoluted tubule.

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