Question 1

Interferons are one of the classes of

Accepted Answer

A)   interleukins.
B)   cytokines.
C)   colony-stimulating factors.
D)   tumor necrosis factors.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Most bacterial species are pathogenic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Antigens are

Accepted Answer

A)   something made by a white blood cell to destroy a pathogen.
B)   something that an antibody or T-lymphocyte binds to.
C)   disorders involving overactive immune systems.
D)   membrane receptors on B-lymphocytes.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 4

Sustained fevers that are 1°C above normal core body temperature usually lead to irreversible brain damage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Often a virus-infected cell will release ________ to prevent spread of the infection.

Accepted Answer

A)   histamine
B)   complement
C)   interferon
D)   perforin
E)   serotoninF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 6

One function of helper T-lymphocytes is to enhance the activity of cells of the innate immune system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Defensins and lysosomes are both part of ________ immunity and function as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   adaptive; physical barriers to pathogen entry
B)   adaptive; attackers of pathogenic cells
C)   innate; physical barriers to pathogen entry
D)   innate; attackers of pathogenic cellsE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Plasma cells have a life span of about ________, which is mainly spent in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   5 days; blood
B)   5 days; lymph nodes
C)   130 days; blood
D)   130 days; lymph nodesE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

In the classical pathway of complement activation,

Accepted Answer

A)   complement is activated within liver cells and released into the blood.
B)   complement binds to an antibody that is bound to a foreign substance.
C)   complement binds with polysaccharides on a microbial cell wall.
D)   complement inhibits inflammation and binds to opsonins.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Lymphocytes that are able to bind and respond to antigen are said to be ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lymphocytes that are able to bind and...

Question 11

Active immunity requires

Accepted Answer

A)   the transfer of antibodies from another individual.
B)   direct encounter with the antigen.
C)   that an active virus be used in a vaccine.
D)   that all immune responses to the pathogen result in symptoms of illness.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Active immunity is a natural process, whereas passive immunity is generated artificially.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

If a substance is not immunogenic by itself, but initiates an immune reaction when combined with a protein in the body, that substance is called a ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a substance is not immunogenic by...

Question 14

When a chemical messenger has a short half-life, it means that

Accepted Answer

A)   it will not have an extremely prolonged effect on target cells.
B)   it will not be eliminated quickly from the blood.C) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 15

Chemotaxis is the process by which

Accepted Answer

A)   CAMs on leukocytes adhere to CAMs on endothelial cells of capillaries within injured tissues.
B)   cells migrate along chemical gradients.
C)   cells exit the blood by squeezing out between cells in the blood vessel wall.
D)   chemical messengers are secreted that stimulate the sensation of pain that accompanies inflammation.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

Exudate is

Accepted Answer

A)   blood that escapes capillaries, passes beyond the skin and leaves the body.
B)   increased perfusion of capillary beds within the region of an injury.
C)   lymph that flows away from the heart and toward the site of an injury.
D)   fluid that leaves capillaries to "wash" the interstitial space of an injured tissue.
E)   clotting proteins that wall off microbes and prevent them from spreading through the bloodstream.F) All of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 17

Cytokines have a ________ half-life and exert influence on ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   long; immune cells only
B)   long; immune and non-immune cells
C)   short; immune cells only
D)   short; immune and non-immune cellsE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 18

MHC class I molecules present peptide fragments that are either "self" or "nonself"; in either case, the fragment becomes bound to the molecule while

Accepted Answer

A)   in the Golgi apparatus.
B)   in the cytosol.
C)   in a secretory vesicle.
D)   in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Immunity can be transferred from mother to child. When the child's immunity is acquired

Accepted Answer

A)   through the placenta, it is passive immunity, but through breastmilk it is active immunity.
B)   through the placenta or through breastmilk, it is passive immunity.
C)   through the placenta or through breastmilk, it is active immunity.
D)   through the placenta, it is active immunity, but through the breastmilk it is passive immunity.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Pyrogens act on the ________ of the brain where they cause release of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   hippocampus; PGE2
B)   hippocampus; exudate
C)   hypothalamus; PGE2
D)   hypothalamus; exudateE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Exam 22: Immune System and the Bodys Defense

Pyrogens act on the ________ of the brain where they cause release of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Active immunity is a natural process, whereas passive immunity is generated artificially.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chemotaxis is the process by which

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a chemical messenger has a short half-life, it means that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a substance is not immunogenic by itself, but initiates an immune reaction when combined with a protein in the body, that substance is called a ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most bacterial species are pathogenic.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Often a virus-infected cell will release ________ to prevent spread of the infection.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Plasma cells have a life span of about ________, which is mainly spent in the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Exudate is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sustained fevers that are 1°C above normal core body temperature usually lead to irreversible brain damage.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One function of helper T-lymphocytes is to enhance the activity of cells of the innate immune system.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the classical pathway of complement activation,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Immunity can be transferred from mother to child. When the child's immunity is acquired

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cytokines have a ________ half-life and exert influence on ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Interferons are one of the classes of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Defensins and lysosomes are both part of ________ immunity and function as ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antigens are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Active immunity requires

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

MHC class I molecules present peptide fragments that are either "self" or "nonself"; in either case, the fragment becomes bound to the molecule while

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lymphocytes that are able to bind and respond to antigen are said to be ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pyrogens act on the of the brain where they cause release of .

Correct Answer
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Plasma cells have a life span of about , which is mainly spent in the .

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Cytokines have a half-life and exert influence on .

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Defensins and lysosomes are both part of immunity and function as .

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