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  The graph shown depicts the market for a good. At a price of $15, there is: A)  a shortage (excess demand)  of 10 units. B)  a shortage (excess demand)  of 20 units. C)  a shortage (excess demand)  of 30 units. D)  a surplus (excess supply)  of 20 units. The graph shown depicts the market for a good. At a price of $15, there is:


A) a shortage (excess demand) of 10 units.
B) a shortage (excess demand) of 20 units.
C) a shortage (excess demand) of 30 units.
D) a surplus (excess supply) of 20 units.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Demand for Shell gasoline will increase if the price of:


A) motor vehicles increases.
B) BP gasoline increases.
C) BP gasoline decreases.
D) Shell gasoline decreases.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Suppose a drought causes most fruit crops to fail, decreasing the amount of available fruit. What changes could we expect to see in the market for fruitcake?


A) An increase in the supply of fruitcake
B) A decrease in the supply of fruitcake
C) An increase in the demand for fruitcake, but no change in the supply of fruitcake
D) A decrease in the demand for fruitcake, but no change in the supply of fruitcake

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Perfectly competitive markets are:


A) the most common type of market in our economy.
B) hard to find in a real-world setting.
C) made up principally by consumer goods.
D) typically found in industrial sectors of our economy.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Consider the market for burritos, which is currently in equilibrium. Now, suppose that two events happen simultaneously: (1) the price of tortillas, used in the production of burritos, increases and (2) a new advertising campaign increases the popularity of burritos among consumers. What effect might these events have on the market for burritos?Supply will increase.Demand will increase.The equilibrium price will increase.The equilibrium quantity will decrease.


A) I, II, and III only
B) I and II only
C) I and IV only
D) II and III only

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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What are transaction costs?


A) The costs incurred by buyers and sellers in agreeing to and executing a sale of goods or services.
B) The costs that the government must pay to allow for an exchange.
C) The costs incurred by buyers and sellers in agreeing to and executing a purchase of goods or services, excluding transportation costs.
D) The costs that the government incurs to create a structured market for the exchange of goods and services.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Which of the following is not a non-price determinant of supply?


A) Consumer preferences
B) Technology
C) Prices of inputs
D) Prices of related goods

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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A decrease in the price of ice cream is likely to cause a(n) _____ in the demand for ice cream cones, due to a change in _____.


A) increase; the price of a complementary good
B) increase; the price of a substitute good
C) increase; consumer preferences
D) decrease; the price of a related good

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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  In the market shown in the graph, the equilibrium price is: A)  $6. B)  $27. C)  $36. D)  $12. In the market shown in the graph, the equilibrium price is:


A) $6.
B) $27.
C) $36.
D) $12.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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  The table shown depicts the demand and supply schedules of a good. At a price of $2.00, quantity demanded: A)  exceeds quantity supplied, and a shortage (excess demand)  exists. B)  is less than quantity supplied, and a shortage (excess demand)  exists. C)  exceeds quantity supplied, and a surplus (excess supply)  exists. D)  is less than quantity supplied, and a surplus (excess supply)  exists. The table shown depicts the demand and supply schedules of a good. At a price of $2.00, quantity demanded:


A) exceeds quantity supplied, and a shortage (excess demand) exists.
B) is less than quantity supplied, and a shortage (excess demand) exists.
C) exceeds quantity supplied, and a surplus (excess supply) exists.
D) is less than quantity supplied, and a surplus (excess supply) exists.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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  The table shows individual demand schedules for a market. What can be said of Betty and Barney's demands for this good? A)  Both of their demands follow the law of demand. B)  Barney's demand follows the law of demand, but Betty's does not. C)  Betty's demand follows the law of demand, but Barney's does not. D)  Neither of their demands follows the law of demand. The table shows individual demand schedules for a market. What can be said of Betty and Barney's demands for this good?


A) Both of their demands follow the law of demand.
B) Barney's demand follows the law of demand, but Betty's does not.
C) Betty's demand follows the law of demand, but Barney's does not.
D) Neither of their demands follows the law of demand.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Consider the market for tacos. To figure out which buyers and sellers we should include in our description of this market, economists will consider:


A) their physical proximity.
B) the context.
C) their preferences.
D) the income levels.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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The "Made in the USA" campaign was popularized by unions in an effort to influence which determinant of demand?


A) Incomes
B) Consumer preferences
C) Expectations of future prices
D) Prices of related goods

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Suppose the price of chocolate chips increases. The producers of chocolate chip cookies will now supply _____ at each price because _____.


A) more; some of their competitors will drop out of the market
B) less; the price of a main input has gone up
C) more; the price of a main input has gone up
D) more; more competitors will enter the market

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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  The graph shown depicts the market for a good. Assume the market was originally in equilibrium where the demand curve (D)  and supply curve (S1)  intersect. Something changes in the market, and the supply curve shifts to S2. What could have caused this shift? A)  The price of pizza sauce increased. B)  The price of pizza decreased. C)  The price of labor for pizza shops decreased. D)  None of these would cause the supply curve to shift to S2. The graph shown depicts the market for a good. Assume the market was originally in equilibrium where the demand curve (D) and supply curve (S1) intersect. Something changes in the market, and the supply curve shifts to S2. What could have caused this shift?


A) The price of pizza sauce increased.
B) The price of pizza decreased.
C) The price of labor for pizza shops decreased.
D) None of these would cause the supply curve to shift to S2.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Demand describes how much of something people:


A) are willing and able to buy at alternative prices under certain circumstances.
B) want, but may not necessarily be able, to buy under certain circumstances.
C) are willing and able to sell under certain circumstances.
D) are able to buy, but might not want to buy under certain circumstances.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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The supply curve represents the relationship between _____, all else held constant.


A) price and quantity supplied
B) income and quantity supplied
C) consumer preferences and quantity
D) income and price supplied

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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The most likely substitute good for cereal would be:


A) a bagel.
B) milk.
C) pizza.
D) a hot dog.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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After getting a raise at work, Tiana now regularly buys steak instead of hamburger. Based on this behavior, what can we assume about these goods for Tiana?


A) Steak is a normal good and hamburger is an inferior good.
B) Steak is an inferior good and hamburger is a normal good.
C) Steak and hamburger are complementary goods.
D) Steak and hamburger are normal goods.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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  The graph shown depicts the market for a good. Assume the market was originally in equilibrium where the demand curve (D)  and supply curve (S)  intersect. Something changes in the market, and the demand curve for the good shifts to D<sub>2</sub>. Which of the following is true? A)  The equilibrium price will increase by $5. B)  The equilibrium quantity will increase by 20 units. C)  The equilibrium price will increase by $15. D)  The equilibrium quantity will increase by 30 units. The graph shown depicts the market for a good. Assume the market was originally in equilibrium where the demand curve (D) and supply curve (S) intersect. Something changes in the market, and the demand curve for the good shifts to D2. Which of the following is true?


A) The equilibrium price will increase by $5.
B) The equilibrium quantity will increase by 20 units.
C) The equilibrium price will increase by $15.
D) The equilibrium quantity will increase by 30 units.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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