Question 1

The component of personality that operates according to the reality principle is the

Accepted Answer

A)   conscious.
B)   superego.
C)   ego.
D)   id.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 2

Joseph is one of the top rugby players in his league, but last week he struck out on an easy pitch.When this happened he smashed the water cooler in the dugout with his bat.According to Freud, Joseph may be unconsciously dealing with his anger at himself for striking out on an easy pitch by using the defence mechanism of

Accepted Answer

A)   projection.
B)   reaction formation.
C)   rationalisation.
D)   displacement.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 3

Abraham Maslow called the need to fulfill one's potential the need for

Accepted Answer

A)   affiliation.
B)   achievement.
C)   self-actualisation.
D)   power.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

Both Carl Jung and Alfred Adler were especially critical of Freud's emphasis on

Accepted Answer

A)   the influence of childhood experiences.
B)   sexuality.
C)   the unconscious.
D)   defence mechanisms.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 5

Sigmund Freud would have been LEAST likely to make which of the following statements?

Accepted Answer

A)   Most behaviour is rooted in the unconscious.
B)   Most of our behaviour is rationally directed.
C)   A great deal of our behaviour and thoughts are symbolic of hidden motives.
D)   Behaviour is the outcome of an interaction among several components of personality.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 6

Which of the following approaches to personality is MOST likely to be criticised for denying the existence of free will and the importance of cognitive processes?

Accepted Answer

A)   psychoanalytic approach
B)   behavioural approach
C)   cognitive approach
D)   humanistic approachE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Skinner would explain why one student responds positively to receiving a B on a test while another student responds negatively to a B by noting that

Accepted Answer

A)   one student has a stronger superego than the other.
B)   one student has more self-efficacy than the other.
C)   the students have different personality traits.
D)   the students have different histories of reinforcement and punishment.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 8

Freud used the term "sexual" in his psychosexual stages of development to mean

Accepted Answer

A)   genital sexual impulses.
B)   any pleasure-giving urge.
C)   general sexual feelings.
D)   none of these things.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 9

The crucial developmental task associated with the anal stage is

Accepted Answer

A)   the Oedipal complex.
B)   gaining superiority.
C)   weaning from the breast or bottle.
D)   toilet training.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 10

BOTH the psychoanalytic and behavioural theories of behaviour have been criticised for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   the belief that behaviour is dominated by primitive, animalistic drives
B)   the failure to recognise the unique qualities of human behaviour
C)   preoccupation with animal research
D)   fragmented view of personalityE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 11

Psychoanalytic theory stresses all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   conscious thought patterns.
B)   childhood experiences.
C)   internal conflicts.
D)   handling of sexual impulses.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

Which theorist argues that people have a strong need for affection, love and acceptance from others?

Accepted Answer

A)   Alfred Adler
B)   Carl Rogers
C)   Walter Mischel
D)   Gordon AllportE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

According to Jung, one's personal unconscious contains

Accepted Answer

A)   archetypes.
B)   repressed or forgotten information.
C)   ancestral memories.
D)   the id and the superego.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Rashad thinks of himself as an outgoing, sociable person.All his friends would agree; most of them think he is one of the most friendly, upbeat people they have ever met.According to Carl Rogers, Rashad is likely to

Accepted Answer

A)   experience congruence.
B)   be high in self-efficacy.
C)   experience incongruence.
D)   be high in self-monitoring.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 15

In contrast to Bandura, B.F.Skinner advocates the principle of reciprocal determinism.He argues that not only does the environment determine behaviour; behaviour determines the environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The id is

Accepted Answer

A)   a developmental period that leaves its mark on adult personality.
B)   the moral component of personality.
C)   the decision-making component of personality.
D)   the primitive, instinctive component of personality.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

While many of the personality traits a person has may be relatively common, the overall combination of traits exhibited by that person is unique.This relates to the ____ aspect of personality.

Accepted Answer

A)   appropriateness
B)   distinctiveness
C)   consistency
D)   variablenessE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

Finding ways to meet instinctual needs and still take into account the conditions of the external, social world defines the ____, the basic operating theme of the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   reality principle; id
B)   reality principle; ego
C)   pleasure principle; id
D)   pleasure principle; egoE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Kevin has been working for the same company for the past 15 years.He earns a good salary, and he feels like his coworkers are "family".However, lately he has begun to feel that his supervisors are not giving him the recognition or respect that he deserves, so he has been considering looking for another job.Based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Kevin's thoughts of changing jobs may well be motivated by frustrated

Accepted Answer

A)   belongingness and love needs.
B)   safety and security needs.
C)   cognitive needs.
D)   esteem needs.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Which of the following theoretical perspectives would be most likely to argue that a person's subjective view of the world is more important than the objective reality?

Accepted Answer

A)   behavioural approach
B)   cognitive approach
C)   humanistic approach
D)   biological approachE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Exam 12: Personality Theories

The component of personality that operates according to the reality principle is the

Correct Answer
verified

According to Jung, one's personal unconscious contains

Correct Answer
verified

Both Carl Jung and Alfred Adler were especially critical of Freud's emphasis on

Correct Answer
verified

Freud used the term "sexual" in his psychosexual stages of development to mean

Correct Answer
verified

Which theorist argues that people have a strong need for affection, love and acceptance from others?

Correct Answer
verified

Rashad thinks of himself as an outgoing, sociable person.All his friends would agree; most of them think he is one of the most friendly, upbeat people they have ever met.According to Carl Rogers, Rashad is likely to

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

In contrast to Bandura, B.F.Skinner advocates the principle of reciprocal determinism.He argues that not only does the environment determine behaviour; behaviour determines the environment.

Correct Answer
verified

Finding ways to meet instinctual needs and still take into account the conditions of the external, social world defines the , the basic operating theme of the .

Correct Answer
verified

The id is

Correct Answer
verified

Sigmund Freud would have been LEAST likely to make which of the following statements?

Correct Answer
verified

The crucial developmental task associated with the anal stage is

Correct Answer
verified

Psychoanalytic theory stresses all of the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer
verified

BOTH the psychoanalytic and behavioural theories of behaviour have been criticised for which of the following?

Correct Answer
verified

While many of the personality traits a person has may be relatively common, the overall combination of traits exhibited by that person is unique.This relates to the ____ aspect of personality.

Correct Answer
verified

Abraham Maslow called the need to fulfill one's potential the need for

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Skinner would explain why one student responds positively to receiving a B on a test while another student responds negatively to a B by noting that

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following approaches to personality is MOST likely to be criticised for denying the existence of free will and the importance of cognitive processes?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following theoretical perspectives would be most likely to argue that a person's subjective view of the world is more important than the objective reality?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 12: Personality Theories

The component of personality that operates according to the reality principle is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Jung, one's personal unconscious contains

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Both Carl Jung and Alfred Adler were especially critical of Freud's emphasis on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud used the term "sexual" in his psychosexual stages of development to mean

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which theorist argues that people have a strong need for affection, love and acceptance from others?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rashad thinks of himself as an outgoing, sociable person.All his friends would agree; most of them think he is one of the most friendly, upbeat people they have ever met.According to Carl Rogers, Rashad is likely to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In contrast to Bandura, B.F.Skinner advocates the principle of reciprocal determinism.He argues that not only does the environment determine behaviour; behaviour determines the environment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Finding ways to meet instinctual needs and still take into account the conditions of the external, social world defines the ____, the basic operating theme of the ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The id is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sigmund Freud would have been LEAST likely to make which of the following statements?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The crucial developmental task associated with the anal stage is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychoanalytic theory stresses all of the following EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

BOTH the psychoanalytic and behavioural theories of behaviour have been criticised for which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

While many of the personality traits a person has may be relatively common, the overall combination of traits exhibited by that person is unique.This relates to the ____ aspect of personality.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Abraham Maslow called the need to fulfill one's potential the need for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Skinner would explain why one student responds positively to receiving a B on a test while another student responds negatively to a B by noting that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following approaches to personality is MOST likely to be criticised for denying the existence of free will and the importance of cognitive processes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following theoretical perspectives would be most likely to argue that a person's subjective view of the world is more important than the objective reality?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Finding ways to meet instinctual needs and still take into account the conditions of the external, social world defines the , the basic operating theme of the .

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