Question 1

John Watson's experiment with a young child and a white rat demonstrated the effectiveness of classical conditioning. He paired exposure to the rat with a loud noise and the child learned to be afraid of the rat. The child also demonstrated fear around other white furry objects. What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conditioned generalization
B)  Stimulus generalization
C)  Stimulus extrapolation
D)  Backward conditioningE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Social psychology studies the way individual behavior and social contexts influence each other. Attribution theory focuses on the explanations individuals generate to explain specific events or outcomes. Harold Kelley discussed types of information people consider when they make attributions. According to Kelley, people tend to make internal attributions when behavior has what qualities?

Accepted Answer

A)  Low in distinctiveness and consensus, high in consistency
B)  Low in consistency and consensus, high in distinctiveness
C)  High in consistency and distinctiveness, low in consensus
D)  High in consistency and consensus, low in distinctivenessE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

John Bowlby, the pioneer of Attachment Theory, was heavily influenced by which person's contributions to the field of child psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jean Piaget
B)  Sigmund Freud
C)  Erik Erikson
D)  Abraham MaslowE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence (first introduced in 1977)  includes three facets of intelligence. The ability to understand and cope with daily tasks describes which of those three subtheories?

Accepted Answer

A)  Componential
B)  Experiential
C)  Contextual
D)  PracticalE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 5

In social psychology, an attitude refers to a predisposition to respond to certain stimuli or situations. Friend T and friend X have a strong relationship with each other and T dislikes a political candidate, while X likes that candidate. According to Osgood's congruity theory, what is the likely outcome of this situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Friend T will change his attitude about the candidate to a more positive or neutral one
B)  Friend X will change his attitude about the candidate to a more negative or neutral one
C)  Both X and T will change attitudes about the candidate in response to the other's attitude
D)  Both X and T will change attitudes about each otherE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 6

Instincts are characteristics of one species that are innate and organized. A fixed action pattern (FAP)  is a description of certain instinctive behavior. What is the best description of a fixed action pattern?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is an innate response to a certain stimuli
B)  It is the failure of an organism to respond to certain stimuli
C)  It is a behavioral sequence that is unlearned and runs to completion
D)  It is the action in the brain that triggers instinctive behavior in response to certain stimuliE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 7

Edward Thorndike studied animal behavior and learning processes. He formulated a theory of learning based on his research. The law of effect is one component of that theory. What does this law state?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conditioned responses cannot be unlearned.
B)  Learning is lost through not performing learned behaviors.
C)  Responses may be altered by a resulting state of affairs in the environment.
D)  Environment largely controls responses.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 8

Which of the following beliefs is not characteristic of behaviorism theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Behavior is driven by complex inner needs.
B)  All behaviors are acquired through conditioning.
C)  Behavior can be studied and explained without any regard for internal mental states.
D)  The study of human emotions is a waste of time.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

In social psychology, heuristics refers to short or efficient cognitive methods of categorizing people or events and making decisions. These methods are simple, but often incorrect. What common heuristic refers to judgments made based on the capability of forming a mental image about a situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Simulation heuristic
B)  Representative heuristic
C)  Familiarity heuristic
D)  Gaze heuristicE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Defense mechanisms, according to Freudian psychology, are employed by the ego to cope with pressures of reality and resolve conflicting drives of the id. Which of the following defense mechanisms is characterized by identifying the self and others as either good or bad?

Accepted Answer

A)  Projection identification
B)  Displacement
C)  Splitting
D)  RationalizationE) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

Which one of the following is not a frequently cited criticism of Attachment Theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is too much emphasis on the mother as the primary attachment figure and not on meaningful attachments with other people.
B)  Children's peers may have a greater influence than their parents on many aspects of their personality.
C)  The reason some people have a much easier time than others making friends may be in part neurobiological, which Attachment Theory doesn't consider.
D)  Children's attachments can be to pets or inanimate objects as well as to people.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Behaviorist views have received criticism from a number of other schools of thought. Ethologists, for example, claim that behaviorists ignore evolutionary built-in biases in learning. They also disagree with which of the following behaviorist practice?

Accepted Answer

A)  The use of humans in lab experiments
B)  The use of trial-and-error
C)  The use of animals in lab experiments
D)  The use of the operant conditioning principleE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 13

Erik Erikson, a Neo-Freudian, postulated eight stages of psychosocial development, rather than Freud's original five. He believed that each stage was marked by a conflict and an event that brought about resolution of that conflict. Which of the stages in his theory is marked by the conflict between trust and mistrust?

Accepted Answer

A)  Love
B)  Hope
C)  Fidelity
D)  CompetenceE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 14

A child observed an attack of someone on the street by a man in a yellow jacket. Now he is afraid of any man in a yellow jacket he encounters. What is this phenomenon known as?

Accepted Answer

A)  Second-order conditioning
B)  Transference
C)  Reaction shifting
D)  Signal strengthE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

Social learning theory, one idea of behaviorist thought, is the idea that people can learn new behaviors through observational learning. There are different modeling procedures based on this concept. Which of those procedures involves observation of a film in which a model demonstrates progressively more intimate interactions with a certain setting or object?

Accepted Answer

A)  Live modeling
B)  In-vivo modeling
C)  Symbolic modeling
D)  Visual modelingE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Exam 9: Theory

Correct Answer
verified

Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence (first introduced in 1977) includes three facets of intelligence. The ability to understand and cope with daily tasks describes which of those three subtheories?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which one of the following is not a frequently cited criticism of Attachment Theory?

Correct Answer
verified

In social psychology, heuristics refers to short or efficient cognitive methods of categorizing people or events and making decisions. These methods are simple, but often incorrect. What common heuristic refers to judgments made based on the capability of forming a mental image about a situation?

Correct Answer
verified

Instincts are characteristics of one species that are innate and organized. A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a description of certain instinctive behavior. What is the best description of a fixed action pattern?

Correct Answer
verified

Behaviorist views have received criticism from a number of other schools of thought. Ethologists, for example, claim that behaviorists ignore evolutionary built-in biases in learning. They also disagree with which of the following behaviorist practice?

Correct Answer
verified

John Bowlby, the pioneer of Attachment Theory, was heavily influenced by which person's contributions to the field of child psychology?

Correct Answer
verified

Defense mechanisms, according to Freudian psychology, are employed by the ego to cope with pressures of reality and resolve conflicting drives of the id. Which of the following defense mechanisms is characterized by identifying the self and others as either good or bad?

Correct Answer
verified

Edward Thorndike studied animal behavior and learning processes. He formulated a theory of learning based on his research. The law of effect is one component of that theory. What does this law state?

Correct Answer
verified

A child observed an attack of someone on the street by a man in a yellow jacket. Now he is afraid of any man in a yellow jacket he encounters. What is this phenomenon known as?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following beliefs is not characteristic of behaviorism theory?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 9: Theory

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence (first introduced in 1977) includes three facets of intelligence. The ability to understand and cope with daily tasks describes which of those three subtheories?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following is not a frequently cited criticism of Attachment Theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In social psychology, heuristics refers to short or efficient cognitive methods of categorizing people or events and making decisions. These methods are simple, but often incorrect. What common heuristic refers to judgments made based on the capability of forming a mental image about a situation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Instincts are characteristics of one species that are innate and organized. A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a description of certain instinctive behavior. What is the best description of a fixed action pattern?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Behaviorist views have received criticism from a number of other schools of thought. Ethologists, for example, claim that behaviorists ignore evolutionary built-in biases in learning. They also disagree with which of the following behaviorist practice?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

John Bowlby, the pioneer of Attachment Theory, was heavily influenced by which person's contributions to the field of child psychology?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Defense mechanisms, according to Freudian psychology, are employed by the ego to cope with pressures of reality and resolve conflicting drives of the id. Which of the following defense mechanisms is characterized by identifying the self and others as either good or bad?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Edward Thorndike studied animal behavior and learning processes. He formulated a theory of learning based on his research. The law of effect is one component of that theory. What does this law state?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A child observed an attack of someone on the street by a man in a yellow jacket. Now he is afraid of any man in a yellow jacket he encounters. What is this phenomenon known as?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following beliefs is not characteristic of behaviorism theory?

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Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Correct Answer
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