Question 1

Summarize how classical conditioning is achieved.

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning involves learning...

Question 2

Distinguish between the different schedules of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

Under continuous reinforcement,every occ...

Question 3

In applying a cognitive perspective to explaining classical conditioning,a psychologist would emphasize the extent to which the CS __________ the US.

Accepted Answer

A)   interferes with
B)   predicts
C)   follows
D)   reduces
E)   is elicited byF) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 4

The most surprising element in Garcia's research on taste aversion was that

Accepted Answer

A)   animals were sickened by radiation.
B)   animals would avoid drinking water.
C)   animals would drink even if they were sick.
D)   conditioned taste aversion could be developed even when the CS occurred several hours before the US.
E)   conditioned taste aversion could be developed only when the US immediately followed the CS.F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 5

Which view holds that behavior is completely determined by environmental and genetic influences?

Accepted Answer

A)   the Law of Effect
B)   radical behaviorism
C)   behavior modification
D)   programmed instruction
E)   cognitive learningF) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 6

Zorba gives his dog a treat for rolling over.Zorba explains this procedure as a form of

Accepted Answer

A)   conditioned reinforcement.
B)   punishment.
C)   negative reinforcement.
D)   positive reinforcement.
E)   classical conditioning.F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 7

A schedule of reinforcement in which the first response performed after a specific amount of time has passed is reinforced is called a

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed-ratio schedule.
B)   fixed-interval schedule.
C)   variable-interval schedule.
D)   variable-ratio schedule.
E)   continuous reinforcement schedule.F) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 8

Regarding research on the classical conditioning of taste aversions,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)   Conditioning of taste aversions can be acquired on the basis of a single pairing of the flavor with a nausea-inducing substance.
B)   Taste aversions can be acquired when the flavor is presented hours before the nausea-inducing substance.
C)   Garcia and Koelling's work on taste aversions was no surprise to their colleagues; the research turned out as expected.
D)   Garcia has applied his research to solve real-world problems.
E)   Conditioned taste aversions have survival benefits.F) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 9

Which researcher is associated with the study of conditioned taste aversions?

Accepted Answer

A)   John B.Watson
B)   Ivan Pavlov
C)   John Garcia
D)   Robert Rescorla
E)   Edward ThorndikeF) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 10

A discriminative stimulus signals that

Accepted Answer

A)   reinforcement is available for a particular response.
B)   an unconditioned stimulus is about to be presented.
C)   a conditioned stimulus is about to be presented.
D)   a neutral stimulus is about to be presented.
E)   an approximately correct response will receive reinforcement.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 11

Which of the following is the best definition of reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A)   a response that operates on the environment to produce certain consequences
B)   a stimulus or event that increases the probability that the response it follows will be repeated
C)   behavior acquired through coincidental association of a response and a reinforcement
D)   a cue that signals that reinforcement is available if the subject makes a particular response
E)   the introduction of an aversive stimulus after a response occursF) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 12

Which of the following is the best definition of spontaneous recovery?

Accepted Answer

A)   the weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response over time
B)   displaying a conditioned response to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus
C)   displaying a conditioned response to new neutral stimuli
D)   displaying a conditioned response in the absence of the conditioned stimulus
E)   return of a conditioned response following extinctionF) C) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 13

In the classic latent learning experiments described in your text,it appears that the rats developed a mental representation of the maze.Researchers call this mental representation a

Accepted Answer

A)   discriminative stimulus.
B)   cognitive map.
C)   mental device.
D)   secondary reinforcer.
E)   latent structure.F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 14

Following _____,a conditioned response may reappear.This process is known as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   generalization; spontaneous recovery
B)   discrimination; extinction
C)   extinction; spontaneous recovery
D)   discrimination; spontaneous recovery
E)   generalization; extinctionF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

In an example reported in your text,a man was trapped behind a refrigerator and nearly suffocated.Subsequently,he has a phobia of tight,enclosed spaces and is afraid to ride on small,crowded elevators.However,he has no fear of large,uncrowded elevator rides.The man's fear of small elevators is an example of ______,and his lack of fear toward large elevators is an example of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   reconditioning; extinction
B)   stimulus generalization; extinction
C)   stimulus generalization; stimulus discrimination
D)   stimulus discrimination; extinction
E)   stimulus discrimination; stimulus generalizationF) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 16

When Sara misbehaves,her parents respond by not allowing her to watch TV for a certain amount of time. Her parents are using which method of discipline?

Accepted Answer

A)   escape learning
B)   avoidance learning
C)   negative reinforcement
D)   positive reinforcement
E)   punishmentF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 17

A reflexive reaction triggered by a stimulus is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   conditioned response.
B)   unconditioned response.
C)   unconditioned stimulus.
D)   neutral response.
E)   operant response.F) C) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 18

List 7 steps for using praise effectively with children.

Accepted Answer

First,the adult should have good non-ver...

Question 19

Donatello is using the guidelines for reinforcement with her son Giovanni.Donatello tells her son,"Giovanni,when you clean up all of your toys,you'll get a gold star on your chart." Which guideline is Donatello working with?

Accepted Answer

A)   using social reinforcement to maintain the behavior
B)   selecting a reinforcer
C)   applying the reinforcer
D)   tracking the frequency of desired behavior
E)   explaining the contingencyF) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 20

A "scalloped" response pattern is typical of which type of reinforcement schedule?

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed-ratio
B)   fixed-interval
C)   variable-ratio
D)   variable-interval
E)   continuousF) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Exam 5: Learning

Which view holds that behavior is completely determined by environmental and genetic influences?

Correct Answer
verified

Zorba gives his dog a treat for rolling over.Zorba explains this procedure as a form of

Correct Answer
verified

In the classic latent learning experiments described in your text,it appears that the rats developed a mental representation of the maze.Researchers call this mental representation a

Correct Answer
verified

The most surprising element in Garcia's research on taste aversion was that

Correct Answer
verified

Following _,a conditioned response may reappear.This process is known as __.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is the best definition of spontaneous recovery?

Correct Answer
verified

In applying a cognitive perspective to explaining classical conditioning,a psychologist would emphasize the extent to which the CS __________ the US.

Correct Answer
verified

Distinguish between the different schedules of reinforcement.

Correct Answer
verified
Under continuous reinforcement,every occ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

A schedule of reinforcement in which the first response performed after a specific amount of time has passed is reinforced is called a

Correct Answer
verified

List 7 steps for using praise effectively with children.

Correct Answer
verified
First,the adult should have good non-ver...
View Answer

Which of the following is the best definition of reinforcer?

Correct Answer
verified

Regarding research on the classical conditioning of taste aversions,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Correct Answer
verified

A reflexive reaction triggered by a stimulus is a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

Summarize how classical conditioning is achieved.

Correct Answer
verified
Classical conditioning involves learning...
View Answer

A "scalloped" response pattern is typical of which type of reinforcement schedule?

Correct Answer
verified

Which researcher is associated with the study of conditioned taste aversions?

Correct Answer
verified

A discriminative stimulus signals that

Correct Answer
verified

When Sara misbehaves,her parents respond by not allowing her to watch TV for a certain amount of time. Her parents are using which method of discipline?

Correct Answer
verified

Donatello is using the guidelines for reinforcement with her son Giovanni.Donatello tells her son,"Giovanni,when you clean up all of your toys,you'll get a gold star on your chart." Which guideline is Donatello working with?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 5: Learning

Which view holds that behavior is completely determined by environmental and genetic influences?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Zorba gives his dog a treat for rolling over.Zorba explains this procedure as a form of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the classic latent learning experiments described in your text,it appears that the rats developed a mental representation of the maze.Researchers call this mental representation a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most surprising element in Garcia's research on taste aversion was that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Following _____,a conditioned response may reappear.This process is known as ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the best definition of spontaneous recovery?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In applying a cognitive perspective to explaining classical conditioning,a psychologist would emphasize the extent to which the CS __________ the US.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Distinguish between the different schedules of reinforcement.

Correct AnswerverifiedUnder continuous reinforcement,every occ...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A schedule of reinforcement in which the first response performed after a specific amount of time has passed is reinforced is called a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

List 7 steps for using praise effectively with children.

Correct AnswerverifiedFirst,the adult should have good non-ver...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following is the best definition of reinforcer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Regarding research on the classical conditioning of taste aversions,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A reflexive reaction triggered by a stimulus is a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Summarize how classical conditioning is achieved.

Correct AnswerverifiedClassical conditioning involves learning...View AnswerShow Answer

A "scalloped" response pattern is typical of which type of reinforcement schedule?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which researcher is associated with the study of conditioned taste aversions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A discriminative stimulus signals that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Sara misbehaves,her parents respond by not allowing her to watch TV for a certain amount of time. Her parents are using which method of discipline?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Donatello is using the guidelines for reinforcement with her son Giovanni.Donatello tells her son,"Giovanni,when you clean up all of your toys,you'll get a gold star on your chart." Which guideline is Donatello working with?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Following _,a conditioned response may reappear.This process is known as __.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Under continuous reinforcement,every occ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
First,the adult should have good non-ver...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Classical conditioning involves learning...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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