Question 1

According to research on gender differences,which statement is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Women are more skilled at expressing emotions nonverbally.
B)  Women smile more than men.
C)  Women describe themselves as having more empathy than men.
D)  Women are more vulnerable to autism.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Why do people help other people overcome adversity? According to an evolutionary theory,such helping behavior

Accepted Answer

A)  is learned at an early age because it helps communities adapt.
B)  is the result of cognitive processes that have developed over time.
C)  results when norms of society encourage helping behavior.
D)  enhances the preservation and spread of one's genes.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 3

In the mid 1960s,married women in the United States devoted seven times as many hours to housework as did their husbands,yet in the mid 1990s,this figure was down to two times as many hours.This pattern reflects how gender roles

Accepted Answer

A)  are learned.
B)  are biologically determined.
C)  vary by culture.
D)  vary over time.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

The implications of evolutionary psychology suggest that human success is defined by

Accepted Answer

A)  acquiring wealth.
B)  maintaining health.
C)  exceeding average life expectancy.
D)  having grandchildren.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Leung and Bond (2004) reported that there were five universal dimensions of social beliefs.Which of the following is NOT one of those five?

Accepted Answer

A)  justice
B)  social complexity
C)  reward for application
D)  cynicismE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

Pratto and her colleagues (1997) reported that _______ tend to gravitate toward jobs that reduce inequalities,such as a public defender.

Accepted Answer

A)  the young
B)  the elderly
C)  men
D)  womenE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Brown (1987) reported that in many languages,forms of address,such as the distinction between formal and informal varieties of "you," communicate not only social distance,but also

Accepted Answer

A)  social complexity.
B)  social status.
C)  personal space.
D)  fate control.E) None of the above
F) All of the above B

Question 8

In psychology,the characteristics by which people define male and female,whether biologically or socially influenced,is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  sex.
B)  gender.
C)  sexual orientation.
D)  culture.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

_______ are more likely to favor conservative political candidates.

Accepted Answer

A)  The young
B)  The elderly
C)  Men
D)  WomenE) B) and D)
F) B) and C) C

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways in which social situations and individuals interact?

Accepted Answer

A)  Social situations affect different people differently.
B)  People choose their social situations.
C)  People create their social situations.
D)  People are unaffected by their social situations.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 11

Pat has qualities like assertiveness,a traditionally masculine trait,as well as nurturance,a quality associated with traditional femininity.Pat could be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  gender-ambivalent.
B)  role-conflicted.
C)  androgynous.
D)  gender-diffuseD.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 12

A person who is both _______ would be considered androgynous.

Accepted Answer

A)  assertive and nurturing
B)  intelligent and athletic
C)  moral and competent
D)  good and evilE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

Which is NOT a worldwide gender difference found by research?

Accepted Answer

A)  aggressiveness
B)  dominance
C)  sexuality
D)  ageismE) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

Research has found that _______ are generally superior at decoding others' emotional messages.

Accepted Answer

A)  the young
B)  the elderly
C)  men
D)  womenE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

A set of behavior expectations for males and females is called

Accepted Answer

A)  gender schemA.
B)  gender role.
C)  gender.
D)  peer-transmitted culture.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 16

Universal norms are to _______ as culture-specific norms are to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  nurture;nature
B)  evolution;biology
C)  nature;nurture
D)  biology;evolutionE) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

When faced with stress,women are more likely than men to

Accepted Answer

A)  flee.
B)  fight.
C)  befriend.
D)  collapse.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 18

Research on the Big Five personality traits have been shown to be universal.Which is NOT one of the five?

Accepted Answer

A)  shy
B)  open
C)  agreeable
D)  conscientiousE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 19

Research on the differences in men and women show all EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  men take more risks.
B)  men tend to be more democratic,women autocratic.
C)  men tend to be more autocratic,women democratiC.
D)  men tend to be more directive and task-focuseD.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

How would evolutionary psychology explain Brown's universal norm that forms of address communicate social status and that advances in intimacy are initiated by the higher-status person?

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychology would explain Brown's universal norm by suggesting that the tendency to communicate social status through forms of address and for higher-status individuals to initiate advances in intimacy is rooted in our evolutionary history.

From an evolutionary perspective, social hierarchies and status have been important for human survival and reproduction. In ancestral environments, individuals with higher social status may have had better access to resources, mates, and protection, which could have increased their reproductive success. As a result, there may have been evolutionary pressures for individuals to be attuned to social status and to use forms of address to communicate and reinforce these hierarchies.

Additionally, the initiation of advances in intimacy by higher-status individuals may be linked to evolutionary theories of mate selection and reproductive strategies. In many species, including humans, individuals often seek mates with desirable traits that can enhance their own reproductive success. Higher-status individuals may be perceived as having greater resources, social support, and genetic fitness, making them more attractive as potential mates. As a result, they may be more likely to initiate advances in intimacy as a way to signal their interest and assess the willingness of lower-status individuals to form a relationship.

Overall, evolutionary psychology would argue that the universal norm of using forms of address to communicate social status and the initiation of advances in intimacy by higher-status individuals can be understood as adaptive strategies that have been shaped by our evolutionary past.

Exam 5: Genes,culture,and Gender

According to research on gender differences,which statement is NOT true?

Correct Answer
verified

Why do people help other people overcome adversity? According to an evolutionary theory,such helping behavior

Correct Answer
verified

In the mid 1960s,married women in the United States devoted seven times as many hours to housework as did their husbands,yet in the mid 1990s,this figure was down to two times as many hours.This pattern reflects how gender roles

Correct Answer
verified

The implications of evolutionary psychology suggest that human success is defined by

Correct Answer
verified

Leung and Bond (2004) reported that there were five universal dimensions of social beliefs.Which of the following is NOT one of those five?

Correct Answer
verified

Pratto and her colleagues (1997) reported that _______ tend to gravitate toward jobs that reduce inequalities,such as a public defender.

Correct Answer
verified

Brown (1987) reported that in many languages,forms of address,such as the distinction between formal and informal varieties of "you," communicate not only social distance,but also

Correct Answer
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B

In psychology,the characteristics by which people define male and female,whether biologically or socially influenced,is referred to as

Correct Answer
verified

_______ are more likely to favor conservative political candidates.

Correct Answer
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C

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways in which social situations and individuals interact?

Correct Answer
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Pat has qualities like assertiveness,a traditionally masculine trait,as well as nurturance,a quality associated with traditional femininity.Pat could be described as

Correct Answer
verified

A person who is both _______ would be considered androgynous.

Correct Answer
verified

Which is NOT a worldwide gender difference found by research?

Correct Answer
verified

Research has found that _______ are generally superior at decoding others' emotional messages.

Correct Answer
verified

A set of behavior expectations for males and females is called

Correct Answer
verified

Universal norms are to _ as culture-specific norms are to _.

Correct Answer
verified

When faced with stress,women are more likely than men to

Correct Answer
verified

Research on the Big Five personality traits have been shown to be universal.Which is NOT one of the five?

Correct Answer
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Research on the differences in men and women show all EXCEPT

Correct Answer
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How would evolutionary psychology explain Brown's universal norm that forms of address communicate social status and that advances in intimacy are initiated by the higher-status person?

Exam 5: Genes,culture,and Gender

According to research on gender differences,which statement is NOT true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why do people help other people overcome adversity? According to an evolutionary theory,such helping behavior

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the mid 1960s,married women in the United States devoted seven times as many hours to housework as did their husbands,yet in the mid 1990s,this figure was down to two times as many hours.This pattern reflects how gender roles

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The implications of evolutionary psychology suggest that human success is defined by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Leung and Bond (2004) reported that there were five universal dimensions of social beliefs.Which of the following is NOT one of those five?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pratto and her colleagues (1997) reported that _______ tend to gravitate toward jobs that reduce inequalities,such as a public defender.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Brown (1987) reported that in many languages,forms of address,such as the distinction between formal and informal varieties of "you," communicate not only social distance,but also

Correct AnswerverifiedB

In psychology,the characteristics by which people define male and female,whether biologically or socially influenced,is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_______ are more likely to favor conservative political candidates.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways in which social situations and individuals interact?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pat has qualities like assertiveness,a traditionally masculine trait,as well as nurturance,a quality associated with traditional femininity.Pat could be described as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person who is both _______ would be considered androgynous.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is NOT a worldwide gender difference found by research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research has found that _______ are generally superior at decoding others' emotional messages.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A set of behavior expectations for males and females is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Universal norms are to _______ as culture-specific norms are to _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When faced with stress,women are more likely than men to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on the Big Five personality traits have been shown to be universal.Which is NOT one of the five?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on the differences in men and women show all EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How would evolutionary psychology explain Brown's universal norm that forms of address communicate social status and that advances in intimacy are initiated by the higher-status person?

Correct Answer
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B

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C

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Universal norms are to _ as culture-specific norms are to _.

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