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According to research on deindividuation and self-awareness,what should people who want to lose weight put on their refrigerator?


A) a lock
B) pictures of models whose bodies they admire
C) pictures of people who are overweight
D) a mirror

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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When people learn about others' positions,without making a prior commitment and without discussing their own position,they will


A) often take a reverse position.
B) not adjust their own position.
C) adjust their responses to be more in line with the others' position.
D) pretend they "knew it all along."

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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Under the definition that is in the text,which of the following is NOT a group?


A) a doctor with her patient
B) three people who share the same taxi and decide who gets dropped off first
C) four people working together on a class project
D) five people riding the city bus

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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According to your text,people in _______ cultures exhibit less social loafing than people in _______ cultures.


A) independent;dependent
B) dependent;independent
C) collectivistic;individualistic
D) individualistic;collectivistic

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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The concern for how others are evaluating us is called


A) distraction.
B) arousal.
C) mere presence.
D) evaluation apprehension.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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At your factory job,output was measured at the end of every day by how much the team of workers you belonged to produced.Because of this evaluation procedure,your behavior was characterized by _______;now that a new manager has taken over and each individual worker's output is measured by a computer,your behavior is now characterized by _______.


A) deindividuation;groupthink
B) groupthink;deindividuation
C) social loafing;social facilitation
D) social facilitation;social loafing

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The increased number of office buildings with large open spaces rather than private offices is an example of how social facilitation research has


A) helped confirm the theory.
B) guided new exploration of research topics.
C) suggested practical applications.
D) been misused by industries.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Describe how normative and informational influence processes can help us understand group polarization.

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Normative and informational influence pr...

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Which of the following is true?


A) Directive leadership is associated with better decisions.
B) Groups prefer supporting over challenging information.
C) Groups with diverse perspective underperform groups of like-minded experts.
D) In discussion,group members tend to benefit from all that their group members know

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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The fact that active participation in discussion produces more polarization is best explained by


A) informational influence processes.
B) normative influence processes.
C) the cognitive miser theory.
D) a decrease in pluralistic ignorance.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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All of the below are needed for "groupthink" to occur EXCEPT


A) group cohesiveness.
B) isolation of the group from dissenting views.
C) members being well-informed regarding the issues.
D) a directive leader who signals what they favor.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Social comparison is more likely to sway responses on


A) issues that have a factual element.
B) moderate,rather than severe,issues.
C) value-laden judgments.
D) complex,rather than simple issues.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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_____ and _____ convey self-confidence.


A) Consistency;mindguards
B) Persistence,consistency
C) Minority slowness;consistency
D) Genuiness;persistence

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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A looting mob is a good example of


A) social loafing.
B) groupthink.
C) deindividuation.
D) a risky shift.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Ingham (1974) found that when blindfolded participants thought they were pulling a tug of war with other participants,they _______ than when they thought they were pulling alone.


A) pulled more
B) pulled less
C) pulled the same amount
D) varied more in their pulling amount

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Dave is a clinical psychologist with a specialization in clinical depression and suicidal ideation.One day he is walking home from work when he notices a group of 20 people standing and staring up at the sky.Curious,he joins the group and sees a person on the roof of a 30-story building-seemingly preparing to jump.Suddenly,someone in the crowd starts chanting "jump." Soon the other 20 people start chanting as well-Dave included.Dave's behavior is likely the result of


A) social facilitation.
B) groupthink.
C) group polarization.
D) deindividuation.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Teresa has joined the campus Amnesty International Group,and after attending a few of the meetings now feels even more passionate about human rights.Social psychologists would explain the change in Teresa's opinions using


A) social facilitation.
B) groupthink.
C) minority influence.
D) group polarization.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Summarize Newell and Lagnado's (2003)view of how groupthink symptoms contributed to the Iraq war.

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Newell and Lagnado (2003) argue that gro...

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According to the text,groupthink symptoms can be viewed as a form of dissonance reduction as group members


A) try to maintain their positive group feelings.
B) try to persuade other group members of their opinions.
C) underestimate their group's might.
D) discuss their group's vulnerability.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Research on leadership indicates that


A) all great leaders share certain traits.
B) effective supervisors tend to score high on both task and social leadership.
C) the most effective leaders typically deviate significantly from a group's standards or norms.
D) great leaders share little in common.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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