Question 1

Low levels of calcium within cells are maintained by

Accepted Answer

A)  a high number of voltage-gated and leakage channels for calcium in cell membranes.
B)  frequent exocytosis and endocytosis of calcium-containing vesicles.
C)  pumps that move calcium out of cells or into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
D)  osmosis of large amounts of water into cells that have any calcium within them.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 2

Angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

During dehydration,blood plasma becomes hypotonic relative to the body's cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Most of the fixed acid in our body comes from

Accepted Answer

A)  the oxygen we breathe.
B)  acid absorbed from the GI tract.
C)  loss of bicarbonate in feces.
D)  lactic acid from muscle.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 5

When comparing two individuals of the same body weight,the one with more muscle and less fat will have a higher percentage of fluid in their body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Aldosterone causes kidney tubules to

Accepted Answer

A)  reabsorb more sodium,water,and potassium.
B)  reabsorb more sodium and water,and secrete more potassium.
C)  reabsorb more sodium,and secret more water and potassium.
D)  secrete more sodium,water,and potassium.
E)  secrete more sodium and reabsorb more potassium.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 7

Climbing at high altitude where oxygen levels are insufficient can lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis.
B)  respiratory alkalosis.
C)  metabolic acidosis.
D)  metabolic alkalosis.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 8

How does the hormone aldosterone influence potassium levels

Accepted Answer

A)  It increases potassium secretion by the kidneys and increases potassium blood concentration.
B)  It increases potassium secretion by the kidneys and decreases potassium blood concentration.
C)  It increases potassium reabsorption by the kidneys and decreases potassium blood concentration.
D)  It increases potassium reabsorption by the kidneys and increases potassium blood concentration.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

At which stage of life is the percentage of fluid in the human body highest

Accepted Answer

A)  Infancy
B)  Childhood
C)  Middle age
D)  Advanced ageE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 10

To account for their effects on osmotic pressure,the concentration of electrolytes is often expressed in

Accepted Answer

A)  moles.
B)  moieties.
C)  milliequivalents per liter.
D)  moles per liter.
E)  milliliters.F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 11

Renin is released from the JG apparatus in response to

Accepted Answer

A)  high blood pressure or increased NaCl in the fluid within the distal convoluted tubule.
B)  high blood pressure or decreased NaCl in the fluid within the distal convoluted tubule.
C)  low blood pressure or increased NaCl in the fluid within the distal convoluted tubule.
D)  low blood pressure or decreased NaCl in the fluid within the distal convoluted tubule.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 12

The most abundant anion in the extracellular fluid is

Accepted Answer

A)  negatively charged proteins.
B)  phosphate.
C)  chloride.
D)  hydrogen.
E)  acetic acid.F) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 13

Which of the following does not turn off the thirst center of the brain

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased blood osmolarity
B)  Entry of fluid in the stomach
C)  Decreased salivary secretions
D)  Increased blood pressureE) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

Ingestion of food results in water

Accepted Answer

A)  intake,as food contains some water.
B)  output,as food absorbs water and we lose more water through feces than we gain through eating.C) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 15

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)inhibits the release of aldosterone,ADH,and renin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

When bicarbonate acts as a weak base and accepts a proton,the molecule ________ acid is formed.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When bicarbonate acts as a weak base...

Question 17

Renal failure would likely lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  volume depletion.
B)  hypotonicity.
C)  volume excess.
D)  hypertonic ascites.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 18

When NaCl is added to body fluids,it results in the addition of

Accepted Answer

A)  one solute particle per NaCl molecule and exerts an osmotic pressure equivalent to that of a nonelectrolyte.
B)  two solute particles per NaCl molecule and exerts twice the osmotic pressure of the same number of nonelectrolyte molecules.
C)  three solute particles per NaCl molecule and exerts one-third the osmotic pressure of the same number of nonelectrolyte molecules.
D)  one solute particle per NaCl molecule,but because it is uncharged it does not result in osmotic pressure.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Angiotensin II causes a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulation of the thirst center and increased release of ADH.
B)  stimulation of the thirst center and decreased release of ADH.
C)  inhibition of the thirst center and increased release of ADH.
D)  inhibition of the thirst center and decreased release of ADH.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 20

Renal compensation for acidosis results in

Accepted Answer

A)  urine with a high pH and an elevation of blood bicarbonate levels.
B)  urine with a high pH and a decline of blood bicarbonate levels.
C)  urine with a low pH and an elevation of blood bicarbonate levels.
D)  urine with a low pH and a decline of blood bicarbonate levels.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Exam 25: Fluid and Electrolytes

When bicarbonate acts as a weak base and accepts a proton,the molecule ________ acid is formed.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does the hormone aldosterone influence potassium levels

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)inhibits the release of aldosterone,ADH,and renin.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To account for their effects on osmotic pressure,the concentration of electrolytes is often expressed in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When comparing two individuals of the same body weight,the one with more muscle and less fat will have a higher percentage of fluid in their body.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Angiotensin II causes a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Renin is released from the JG apparatus in response to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Climbing at high altitude where oxygen levels are insufficient can lead to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following does not turn off the thirst center of the brain

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Low levels of calcium within cells are maintained by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Renal compensation for acidosis results in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During dehydration,blood plasma becomes hypotonic relative to the body's cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most of the fixed acid in our body comes from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Renal failure would likely lead to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most abundant anion in the extracellular fluid is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ingestion of food results in water

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At which stage of life is the percentage of fluid in the human body highest

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aldosterone causes kidney tubules to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When NaCl is added to body fluids,it results in the addition of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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