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The order in which HIV breaches barriers and affects immunity is


A) inhalation, entering the circulation, entering helper T cells.
B) ingestion, entering the circulation, entering helper T cells.
C) crossing the mucosal barrier, entering macrophages, then B cells, then natural killer cells.
D) crossing the mucosal barrier, entering macrophages, entering helper T cells, then cytotoxic T cells.

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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After an infection, many dead and fragmented bacterial cells must be filtered from the body. Which of the following cells will clear out the cell debris?


A) Macrophages
B) Lymphocytes
C) Mast cells
D) Cytokines

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Anti-Rh antibodies are an example of what class of immunoglobulin?


A) IgG
B) IgM
C) IgE
D) IgA

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following does not provoke inflammation?


A) Ultraviolet light
B) Infection
C) Chemical exposure
D) Tickling

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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An injection of synthetic antibodies imparts active immunity.

A) True
B) False

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Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that affects the skeletal muscles only.

A) True
B) False

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The thymus is in the mediastinum behind the sternum.

A) True
B) False

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Lymph nodes are centers for the production of ________, which act against foreign particles carried in lymph.

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The most abundant type of immunoglobulin is


A) IgA.
B) IgD.
C) IgE.
D) IgG.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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T lymphocytes are responsible for


A) programming macrophages.
B) producing antibodies.
C) cell-mediated immunity.
D) humoral immunity.

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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The antibodies produced in allergic reactions


A) are called allergens.
B) are secreted by mast cells.
C) belong to the immunoglobulin E group.
D) belong to the immunoglobulin G group.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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The most active phagocytic cells in circulating blood are


A) neutrophils and monocytes.
B) neutrophils and macrophages.
C) monocytes and macrophages.
D) lymphocytes and monocytes.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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A substance that can stimulate a primary immune response but is unable to produce the symptoms of a disease is a(n)________.

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A lymph node contains


A) compartments that contain masses of blood and monocytes.
B) afferent vessels circulating lymph into the node on its convex surface.
C) nervous cell dendrites.
D) bacteria to assist in decomposition.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Marsha gets a splinter in her finger. What is her body's first response to any microbe that might try to enter her body as a result of the splinter breaking the skin?


A) Innate defense
B) Adaptive defense
C) Specific defense
D) Cytotoxic T cell response

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Normal immune responses require T and B lymphocytes.

A) True
B) False

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Tissue fluid is ________ and lymph is ________.


A) forced out of lymph vessels; absorbed into lymph capillaries
B) forced out of blood plasma; absorbed into blood capillaries
C) forced out of lymph capillaries; absorbed into blood capillaries
D) forced out of blood plasma; absorbed into lymph capillaries

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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A person has an autoimmune disease. Which of the following could be targets for the immune cells in this type of disease? 


A) Human Papilloma virus
B) Normal red blood cells
C) Clostridium difficile bacteria
D) Tissue from a transplanted organ

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Lymph nodes are grouped throughout the body except in the


A) lungs.
B) central nervous system.
C) mesentery.
D) inguinal connective tissue.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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The lymph nodes of the axillary region receive lymph mainly from the


A) scalp and face.
B) upper limb and mammary gland.
C) thoracic viscera.
D) abdominal viscera.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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