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When evaluating the sustainability of a firm's competitive advantage,which of the following statements is not true?


A) The competitive advantage will not be sustainable if there are substitutes for the firm's core competence.
B) If managed effectively, existing core competencies can help sustain the competitive advantage indefinitely.
C) Social complexity often leads to a competitive advantage that is sustainable.
D) When expectations of future resource value turn out to be accurate and can be repeated, then a sustained competitive advantage is realized.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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To help a firm achieve a competitive advantage,each distinct activity performed in the value chain needs to


A) contribute to the firm's strategic position as either low-cost leader or differentiator.
B) reduce the immobility and the heterogeneity of the firm's resources.
C) create a static fit between the company's internal resources and the external environment.
D) reduce the causal ambiguity and the social complexity of the firm's source of success.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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In the context of the resource-based model of competitive advantage,if a successful firm exhibits resource immobility it means that the


A) rival firms have better accessibility to quality resources.
B) firm will have a sustained competitive advantage because of its unique resources.
C) competitors can easily replicate or copy the firm's resource bundles and capabilities.
D) resources of the firm cannot be effectively deployed within its own organization.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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In the context of the resource-based model of competitive advantage,which of the following scenarios best exemplifies resource immobility?


A) AP Corp. has earned a good reputation among its shareholders by investing more in tangible assets over intangible assets.
B) Two Triangle Inc. has lost its market share because its resources are not mobile, that is rigid, inflexible, and static.
C) Blue Elixir Corp. has been able to gain a competitive advantage because of its ability to efficiently move its resources from one manufacturing unit to another.
D) True 3 Inc. has been able to outperform its competitors because the uniqueness of its resources is difficult to replicate.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Smooth Fusion Inc.is a software company,which has built and acquired numerous assets over the years.According to the resource-based view of a firm,which of the following assets of Smooth Fusion Inc.will best enable it to gain and sustain a competitive advantage?


A) the resources of the company that are mobile
B) the capital raised by the company from its shareholders
C) the expertise acquired by the employees in the company
D) the headquarters owned by the company

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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How does causal ambiguity act as an isolating mechanism for organizations?


A) It makes it difficult for the competitors to understand why a company has been so successful.
B) It creates a situation in which different social and business systems interact with one another.
C) It makes it difficult for competitors to deploy their resources by creating ambiguity within their organizational structures.
D) It makes it difficult for competitors to imitate core competencies quickly due to time compression diseconomies.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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It is difficult even for Apple's managers to pinpoint the underlying cause of the company's phenomenal success.The term that best applies to this difficulty is known as


A) competitive dependence.
B) resource mobility.
C) causal ambiguity.
D) path dependence.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following statements accurately describes a firm's resource stock?


A) Resource stocks are a firm's level of resources that are common to competitors.
B) Resource stocks are a firm's future estimate of both tangible and intangible resources.
C) Resource stocks are a firm's current level of intangible resources.
D) Resource stocks are a firm's level of investments to maintain or build a resource.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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_____ are best described as unique strengths,embedded deep within a firm,that allow a firm to differentiate its products and services from those of its rivals,creating higher value for the customer or offering products and services of comparable value at lower cost.


A) Resource leverages
B) Core competencies
C) Capital gains
D) Equity reserves

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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To gain a competitive advantage,Lopez Industries obtained financing and then used this extra capital to produce the same amount of gaskets in a one-month period that it normally produces in a two-month period.Which of the following is the most likely outcome of this endeavor?


A) inconsistent results
B) same results
C) better results
D) inferior results

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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The value chain describes the


A) competitive challenges a firm faces in a highly dynamic external environment.
B) internal activities a firm engages in when transforming inputs into outputs.
C) current consequences a firm experiences due to its decisions in the past.
D) strategic advantages a firm experiences when its resources lack causal ambiguity.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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How are the critical assumptions of the resource-based model of a firm fundamentally different from the way in which a firm is viewed in the perfectly competitive industry structure?


A) In the resource-based model, resources are freely available and mobile, whereas in the perfectly competitive industry structure, resources are highly immobile.
B) In perfect competition, it is extremely difficult to replicate the resource bundles of a firm, whereas in the resource-based model, it is extremely easy to imitate them.
C) In perfect competition, all firms have access to the same capabilities, whereas in the resource-based model, resource differences exist between firms in the same industry.
D) In the resource-based model, only physical assets of a firm are considered as resources, whereas in perfect competition, a firm's capabilities and competencies are also considered as resources.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Gene Craft Inc.is the market leader in the pharmaceutical industry.Though most of its resources are common to those of its competitors,a few rare resources have helped the company gain and sustain a competitive advantage.Which of the following assets of Gene Craft Inc.is most likely to be considered a rare resource that is best contributing to its competitive advantage?


A) the company's land and buildings
B) the company's plant and machinery
C) the company's raw material supplies
D) the company's chemical patents

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following resources is a firm's resource stock?


A) cash in the bank
B) reputation for quality
C) land and building
D) plant and machinery

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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In the context of SWOT analysis,which of the following best exemplifies a firm's external opportunity?


A) an increase in its financial resources
B) an increase in its brand equity
C) an increase in its customers' disposable income
D) an increase in its employee productivity

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following is not a condition that can help a firm sustain its competitive advantage?


A) when managers have consistently better expectations about the future value of resources
B) when the resource advantage can only be imitated after a long period of time
C) when past decisions act as constraints for the current dynamic capabilities
D) when the source of the competitive advantage is causally ambiguous

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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_____ allows managers to synthesize insights obtained from an internal analysis of a company's strengths and weaknesses with those from an analysis of external opportunities and threats.


A) The VRIO framework
B) The SWOT analysis
C) The break-even analysis
D) Ansoff's matrix

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Dandelions Max is a consumer electronics company.It has acquired an edge over its competitors through its ability to provide breakthrough technology at the lowest price in the market.This advantage of Dandelions Max best exemplifies a


A) markup.
B) resource flow.
C) capital gain.
D) core competency.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Juanita,a manager at a multinational organization,is trying to carefully scan and link the firm's internal environment to its external environment.The insights from this analysis will allow her to effectively leverage the company's internal strengths to exploit external opportunities,while mitigating internal weaknesses and external threats.In this scenario,which of the following managerial tools is Juanita employing?


A) Blake Mouton managerial grid
B) Ansoff's matrix
C) BCG analysis
D) SWOT analysis

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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When the laptop market overtook the desktop market,Blue Tech Inc.,a leader in desktop technology,was left at a competitive disadvantage.Later,Blue Tech Inc.'s management channeled all of the company's efforts and revenue to develop an efficient laptop from scratch in less than a year.However,the company failed because most of its competitors had already been in the laptop market for five years.Blue Tech Inc.'s models were inferior to the ones in the market.In this scenario,Blue Tech Inc.'s failure can be best attributed to


A) causal ambiguity.
B) diseconomies of scope and scale.
C) time compression diseconomies.
D) social complexity.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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