Question 1

Where are the inspiratory and expiratory centers in the brain found?

Accepted Answer

A)   Broca's area
B)   Neurons in the cerebellum
C)   Pons
D)   No such centers existE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

What is the response of a patient with chronic hypercapnia to a sudden acute rise in carbon dioxide?

Accepted Answer

A)   In almost all of these patients, there will be no response.
B)   The patient's drive to breathe will be increased.
C)   This will further depress his or her respiratory centers.
D)   This will induce apnea and sudden death.E) None of the above
F) B) and C) B

Question 3

The pneumotaxic center controls which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Response to changes in blood pH and PCO2
B)   Rhythm of the full breathing cycle
C)   When inspiration switches off (the inspiratory time) 
D)   When inspiration switches on (the expiratory time) E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

Both anemia and carbon monoxide (CO)  poisoning can cause severe hypoxia, yet neither condition results in a major stimulation of breathing. Why is this so?

Accepted Answer

A)   The peripheral chemoreceptors do not respond to low O2 content.
B)   Anemia and CO poisoning depresses the peripheral chemoreceptors.
C)   Anemia and CO poisoning depresses the central chemoreceptors.
D)   Anemia and CO cause stagnant hypoxia, not hypoxemia.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Biot's respiration is most frequently observed in patients with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Congestive heart failure
B)   Increased intracranial pressure
C)   Metabolic acidosis
D)   Peripheral nerve disordersE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

What is the effect when the deflation reflex is stimulated?

Accepted Answer

A)   A strong inspiratory effort
B)   Expiration is initiated
C)   Cuts off all inspiratory signals
D)   Stimulates the termination of expirationE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Stimulation of the irritant receptors in the lung can result in which of the following?
1)  Bronchoconstriction
2)  Coughing
3)  Narrowing of the glottis

Accepted Answer

A)  1 only
B)  1 and 3 only
C)  1, 2, and 3
D)  1 and 2 onlyE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Which of the following can be stimulated by pulmonary J receptors?
1)  Edema
2)  Inflammatory processes
3)  Pulmonary vascular congestion

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 2 only
B)  1 only
C)  1 and 3 only
D)  1, 2, and 3E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 9

Which of the following can cause laryngospasm and bradycardia through a vagovagal reflex?
1)  Bronchoscopy
2)  Endotracheal intubation
3)  Tracheal suctioning

Accepted Answer

A)  1 only
B)  1 and 3 only
C)  1, 2, and 3
D)  1 and 2 onlyE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Which statement(s)  describe aspects of the Hering-Breuer reflex?
1)  It affects the rate and depth of breathing during exercise.
2)  It is only activated at large tidal volumes in normal adults.
3)  Its impulses travel via the vagus nerve to the dorsal respiratory groups (DRGs) .
4)  Its receptors are located in the large and small airways.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 only
B)  1 and 2 only
C)  2, 3, and 4 only
D)  1, 2, 3, and 4E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

Which of the following causes hypoxic stimulation of the carotid bodies?
1)  Large decrease in arterial PO2
2)  Large decrease in O2 content
3)  CO poisoning

Accepted Answer

A)  1 only
B)  1 and 2 only
C)  1, 2, and 3
D)  1 and 3 onlyE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 12

Which respond more rapidly to high levels of CO2?

Accepted Answer

A)   Aortic chemoreceptors
B)   Carotid chemoreceptors
C)   Central chemoreceptors
D)   Ventral respiratory centersE) B) and D)
F) A) and D) B

Question 13

In the face of chronically elevated levels of CO2, what happens to the response mediated by the central chemoreceptors?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is accentuated or increased.
B)   It is muted or decreased.
C)   There is no change in the response.
D)   There is no way to predict the body's response.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Where are the peripheral chemoreceptors located?
1)  In the arch of the aorta
2)  In the bifurcations of carotid arteries
3)  On the ventrolateral surfaces of the medulla

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 2 only
B)  2 only
C)  2 and 3 only
D)  1 and 3 onlyE) All of the above
F) C) and D) A

Question 15

While observing a patient's breathing, you note that the depth and rate first increase, then decrease, followed by a period of apnea. Which of the following terms would you use in charting this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Apneustic breathing
B)   Biot's breathing
C)   Cheyne-Stokes breathing
D)   Paradoxical breathingE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

What has the primary responsibility for sensing and responding to changes in blood levels of CO2?

Accepted Answer

A)   Apneustic centers
B)   Central chemoreceptors
C)   Peripheral chemoreceptors
D)   Pneumotaxic centerE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

In patients with closed-head injuries, what may happen in the presence of hypercapnia?

Accepted Answer

A)   High CO2 increases the risk of psychotic events.
B)   High CO2 levels cause cerebral vasodilation and improved oxygenation.
C)   Severe cerebral vasoconstriction results in anoxia and stroke.
D)   Vasodilation causes increased intracranial pressure and possibly stops blood flow.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

What happens in chronic hypercapnia?
1)  The central chemoreceptive response to CO2 is decreased.
2)  The cerebrospinal fluid pH is restored to normal.
3)  Responsiveness to increased CO2 is decreased.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 only
B)  1 and 2 only
C)  2 and 3 only
D)  1, 2, and 3E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 19

What does apneustic breathing indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Damage to the cerebrum
B)   Damage to the pons
C)   Spinal cord transaction
D)   Vagal nerve damageE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Sensory input to the dorsal respiratory neurons from the lungs, airways, and peripheral chemoreceptors is provided via which nerves?
1)  Glossopharyngeal
2)  Phrenic
3)  Vagus
4)  Trigeminal

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 2 only
B)  1, 2, and 4 only
C)  1 and 3 only
D)  2 and 3 onlyE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Exam 15: Regulation of Breathing

Where are the inspiratory and expiratory centers in the brain found?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the response of a patient with chronic hypercapnia to a sudden acute rise in carbon dioxide?

Correct Answer
verified
B

The pneumotaxic center controls which of the following?

Correct Answer
verified

Both anemia and carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning can cause severe hypoxia, yet neither condition results in a major stimulation of breathing. Why is this so?

Correct Answer
verified

Biot's respiration is most frequently observed in patients with which of the following?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the effect when the deflation reflex is stimulated?

Correct Answer
verified

Stimulation of the irritant receptors in the lung can result in which of the following? 1) Bronchoconstriction 2) Coughing 3) Narrowing of the glottis

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following can be stimulated by pulmonary J receptors? 1) Edema 2) Inflammatory processes 3) Pulmonary vascular congestion

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following can cause laryngospasm and bradycardia through a vagovagal reflex? 1) Bronchoscopy 2) Endotracheal intubation 3) Tracheal suctioning

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following causes hypoxic stimulation of the carotid bodies? 1) Large decrease in arterial PO₂ 2) Large decrease in O₂ content 3) CO poisoning

Correct Answer
verified

Which respond more rapidly to high levels of CO₂?

Correct Answer
verified
B

In the face of chronically elevated levels of CO₂, what happens to the response mediated by the central chemoreceptors?

Correct Answer
verified

Where are the peripheral chemoreceptors located? 1) In the arch of the aorta 2) In the bifurcations of carotid arteries 3) On the ventrolateral surfaces of the medulla

Correct Answer
verified
A

While observing a patient's breathing, you note that the depth and rate first increase, then decrease, followed by a period of apnea. Which of the following terms would you use in charting this observation?

Correct Answer
verified

What has the primary responsibility for sensing and responding to changes in blood levels of CO₂?

Correct Answer
verified

In patients with closed-head injuries, what may happen in the presence of hypercapnia?

Correct Answer
verified

What happens in chronic hypercapnia? 1) The central chemoreceptive response to CO₂ is decreased. 2) The cerebrospinal fluid pH is restored to normal. 3) Responsiveness to increased CO₂ is decreased.

Correct Answer
verified

What does apneustic breathing indicate?

Correct Answer
verified

Sensory input to the dorsal respiratory neurons from the lungs, airways, and peripheral chemoreceptors is provided via which nerves? 1) Glossopharyngeal 2) Phrenic 3) Vagus 4) Trigeminal

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 15: Regulation of Breathing

Where are the inspiratory and expiratory centers in the brain found?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the response of a patient with chronic hypercapnia to a sudden acute rise in carbon dioxide?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

The pneumotaxic center controls which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Both anemia and carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning can cause severe hypoxia, yet neither condition results in a major stimulation of breathing. Why is this so?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Biot's respiration is most frequently observed in patients with which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the effect when the deflation reflex is stimulated?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stimulation of the irritant receptors in the lung can result in which of the following? 1) Bronchoconstriction 2) Coughing 3) Narrowing of the glottis

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following can be stimulated by pulmonary J receptors? 1) Edema 2) Inflammatory processes 3) Pulmonary vascular congestion

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following can cause laryngospasm and bradycardia through a vagovagal reflex? 1) Bronchoscopy 2) Endotracheal intubation 3) Tracheal suctioning

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following causes hypoxic stimulation of the carotid bodies? 1) Large decrease in arterial PO2 2) Large decrease in O2 content 3) CO poisoning

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which respond more rapidly to high levels of CO2?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

In the face of chronically elevated levels of CO2, what happens to the response mediated by the central chemoreceptors?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where are the peripheral chemoreceptors located? 1) In the arch of the aorta 2) In the bifurcations of carotid arteries 3) On the ventrolateral surfaces of the medulla

Correct AnswerverifiedA

While observing a patient's breathing, you note that the depth and rate first increase, then decrease, followed by a period of apnea. Which of the following terms would you use in charting this observation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What has the primary responsibility for sensing and responding to changes in blood levels of CO2?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In patients with closed-head injuries, what may happen in the presence of hypercapnia?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What happens in chronic hypercapnia? 1) The central chemoreceptive response to CO2 is decreased. 2) The cerebrospinal fluid pH is restored to normal. 3) Responsiveness to increased CO2 is decreased.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What does apneustic breathing indicate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sensory input to the dorsal respiratory neurons from the lungs, airways, and peripheral chemoreceptors is provided via which nerves? 1) Glossopharyngeal 2) Phrenic 3) Vagus 4) Trigeminal

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
B

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following causes hypoxic stimulation of the carotid bodies? 1) Large decrease in arterial PO₂ 2) Large decrease in O₂ content 3) CO poisoning

Correct Answer
verified

Which respond more rapidly to high levels of CO₂?

Correct Answer
verified
B

In the face of chronically elevated levels of CO₂, what happens to the response mediated by the central chemoreceptors?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A

Correct Answer
verified

What has the primary responsibility for sensing and responding to changes in blood levels of CO₂?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

What happens in chronic hypercapnia? 1) The central chemoreceptive response to CO₂ is decreased. 2) The cerebrospinal fluid pH is restored to normal. 3) Responsiveness to increased CO₂ is decreased.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified