Question 1

The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior is called

Accepted Answer

A)   disinhibition.
B)   withdrawal.
C)   neuroadaptation.
D)   intoxication.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

Paradoxical sleep is to slow-wave sleep as ________ sleep is to ________ sleep.

Accepted Answer

A)   NREM-1;REM
B)   REM;NREM-2
C)   NREM-2;REM
D)   REM;NREM-3E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 3

At 1:00 A.M.,Luis gets out of bed and begins to sleepwalk.An EEG of his brain activity is most likely to indicate the presence of

Accepted Answer

A)   alpha waves.
B)   sleep spindles.
C)   REM sleep.
D)   delta waves.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 4

After four years of working nights,Raymond now works days.His present difficulty in getting to sleep at night is most likely due to a disruption of his normal

Accepted Answer

A)   circadian rhythm.
B)   hypnagogic sensations.
C)   alpha wave pattern.
D)   sleep apnea.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 5

A minute of two after falling asleep,Luke felt like he was being tossed up and down as if on a boat in rough seas.His experience best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   the circadian rhythm.
B)   hypnagogic sensations.
C)   sleep spindles.
D)   narcolepsy.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 6

Ryan's excessive beer consumption is marked by tolerance.Abruptly stopping his beer drinking results in symptoms of withdrawal and an overwhelming urge to drink again.Ryan most clearly suffers from

Accepted Answer

A)   excessive self-awareness.
B)   sensory deprivation.
C)   alcohol use disorder.
D)   excess dopamine.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

The pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle is called the

Accepted Answer

A)   REM rebound.
B)   circadian rhythm.
C)   alpha wave pattern.
D)   hypnagogic sensation.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Experimental participants who consumed alcohol rather than a placebo beverage were less likely to notice that their minds were wandering during a reading task.This best illustrates that alcohol reduces

Accepted Answer

A)   synaptic connections.
B)   serotonin levels.
C)   self-awareness.
D)   sleep deprivation.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 9

Compulsive craving of drags or certain behaviors despite known adverse consequences is an indication of

Accepted Answer

A)   tolerance.
B)   disinhibition.
C)   addiction.
D)   neuroadaptation.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

One study found that driving accident rates were higher among Virginia 16- to 18-year-olds whose

Accepted Answer

A)   metabolic rates were higher than average.
B)   father or mother suffered from sleep apnea.
C)   cortisol levels were lower than average.
D)   high school classes started early in the day.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 11

Women become increasingly morning-oriented "larks" as they have children and also as they transition to menopause.This best illustrates that age and experience can alter our

Accepted Answer

A)   hypnagogic sensations.
B)   circadian rhythm.
C)   NREM-2 sleep.
D)   REM rebound.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 12

Loss of oxygen or extreme sensory deprivation produces perceptual distortions most similar to those produced by consuming

Accepted Answer

A)   morphine.
B)   LSD.
C)   barbiturates.
D)   methamphetamine.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

Bed-wetting is most likely to occur at the end of ________ sleep.

Accepted Answer

A)   NREM-1
B)   NREM-2
C)   NREM-3
D)   REME) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

When Vincente first tried to quit smoking,he experienced anxiety,irritability,and difficulty sleeping.Vincente was experiencing

Accepted Answer

A)   withdrawal.
B)   dehydration.
C)   disinhibition.
D)   hallucinations.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Sympathetic nervous system activity is reduced by

Accepted Answer

A)   nicotine.
B)   alcohol.
C)   amphetamines.
D)   cocaine.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

After completing a full night of sleep,people are most likely to

Accepted Answer

A)   experience REM rebound.
B)   think more creatively.
C)   show signs of sleep apnea.
D)   demonstrate apathy and loss of energy.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Cognitive neuroscience is most directly concerned with studying

Accepted Answer

A)   selective attention and accidents.
B)   evolution and natural selection.
C)   selective attention and daydreams.
D)   brain activity and thought processes.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

It has been found that night terrors

Accepted Answer

A)   are usually recalled vividly for days following their occurrence.
B)   are typically accompanied by a state of temporary muscular immobility or paralysis.
C)   jolt the sleeper to a sudden state of full waking alertness.
D)   typically occur during NREM-3 sleep.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

The possibility that our mental state might have a direct impact on our actions was most clearly dismissed by

Accepted Answer

A)   evolutionary psychologists.
B)   behaviorists.
C)   cognitive neuroscientists.
D)   behavior geneticists.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Sleep is best defined as

Accepted Answer

A)   a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle.
B)   a periodic natural loss of consciousness that involves distinct stages.
C)   a state of hibernation or general anesthesia.
D)   episodes of fast and jerky eye movements accompanied by frequent muscle spasms.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 3: Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind

One study found that driving accident rates were higher among Virginia 16- to 18-year-olds whose

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compulsive craving of drags or certain behaviors despite known adverse consequences is an indication of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle is called the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Women become increasingly morning-oriented "larks" as they have children and also as they transition to menopause.This best illustrates that age and experience can alter our

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Loss of oxygen or extreme sensory deprivation produces perceptual distortions most similar to those produced by consuming

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A minute of two after falling asleep,Luke felt like he was being tossed up and down as if on a boat in rough seas.His experience best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After completing a full night of sleep,people are most likely to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cognitive neuroscience is most directly concerned with studying

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It has been found that night terrors

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Paradoxical sleep is to slow-wave sleep as ________ sleep is to ________ sleep.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Vincente first tried to quit smoking,he experienced anxiety,irritability,and difficulty sleeping.Vincente was experiencing

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sympathetic nervous system activity is reduced by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After four years of working nights,Raymond now works days.His present difficulty in getting to sleep at night is most likely due to a disruption of his normal

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At 1:00 A.M.,Luis gets out of bed and begins to sleepwalk.An EEG of his brain activity is most likely to indicate the presence of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bed-wetting is most likely to occur at the end of ________ sleep.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ryan's excessive beer consumption is marked by tolerance.Abruptly stopping his beer drinking results in symptoms of withdrawal and an overwhelming urge to drink again.Ryan most clearly suffers from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sleep is best defined as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The possibility that our mental state might have a direct impact on our actions was most clearly dismissed by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Experimental participants who consumed alcohol rather than a placebo beverage were less likely to notice that their minds were wandering during a reading task.This best illustrates that alcohol reduces

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Paradoxical sleep is to slow-wave sleep as sleep is to sleep.

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