Question 1

Internet communication that enables like-minded health care advocates to share their ideas also serves to strengthen their prevailing health care attitudes. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   the reciprocity norm.
B)   group polarization.
C)   social facilitation.
D)   the just-world phenomenon.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 2

Violent crime and spousal abuse rates have been found to be higher during

Accepted Answer

A)   political elections.
B)   holiday weekends.
C)   hotter months.
D)   rainy days.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 3

Which of the following persons is most clearly acting aggressively?

Accepted Answer

A)   a noisy neighbor who often mows his lawn at 8 o'clock on Saturday mornings
B)   a child who tries to hit another child with a rock
C)   an assertive salesperson who interrupts your evening meal with a telephone sales pitch
D)   a careless motorist who accidentally smashes into the fender of a parked carE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Research has found that for a minority to succeed in swaying a majority, the minority must

Accepted Answer

A)   make up a sizable portion of the group.
B)   express its position as consistently as possible.
C)   express its position in the most extreme terms possible.
D)   be able to convince a key majority leader.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

At a conscious level, Aaron doesn't think he's prejudiced. Yet he automatically feels uncomfortable in situations where he has to interact with people of races different from his own. Aaron's experience best illustrates the distinction between

Accepted Answer

A)   equity and self-disclosure.
B)   situational and dispositional attributions.
C)   explicit and implicit attitudes.
D)   normative and informational social influence.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 6

Sherif planned a disruption of the water supply in a camp in order to observe how social relationships are influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)   ingroup bias.
B)   group polarization.
C)   superordinate goals.
D)   the mere exposure effect.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 7

Attitudes are ________ that guide behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)   norms and roles
B)   superordinate goals
C)   belief-based feelings
D)   dispositional attributionsE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 8

A perceived incompatibility of your class learning goals and the goals of your class instructor best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   conflict.
B)   social loafing.
C)   group polarization.
D)   cognitive dissonance.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Equity and self-disclosure are important to the development of

Accepted Answer

A)   groupthink.
B)   deindividuation.
C)   companionate love.
D)   social facilitation.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Social facilitation refers to the tendency to

Accepted Answer

A)   neglect critical thinking because of a strong desire for social harmony within a group.
B)   perform well-learned tasks more effectively in the presence of others.
C)   lose self-restraint in group situations that foster anonymity.
D)   comply with a large request if one has previously complied with a small request.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 11

Feeling responsible for behavior that violates our conscience is most likely to contribute to

Accepted Answer

A)   the bystander effect.
B)   cognitive dissonance.
C)   the fundamental attribution error.
D)   group polarization.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 12

Research indicates that minorities are most influential when they

Accepted Answer

A)   argue positions widely divergent from those of the majority.
B)   make use of emotional rather than logical appeals.
C)   acknowledge the wisdom of the majority position.
D)   unswervingly hold to their own position.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 13

Poverty and unemployment are likely to be explained in terms of personal dispositions by ________ and in terms of situational influences by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the poor; the rich
B)   women; men
C)   social psychologists; evolutionary psychologists
D)   political conservatives; political liberalsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

After their country was ravaged by a series of earthquakes, two bitterly antagonistic political groups set aside their differences and worked cooperatively on effective disaster relief. This cooperation best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   mirror-image perceptions.
B)   the just-world phenomenon.
C)   superordinate goals.
D)   the mere exposure effect.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

Only when experimental participants were informed that a woman was raped did they perceive the woman's behavior as inviting rape. This best illustrates that victim blaming is fueled by

Accepted Answer

A)   the bystander effect.
B)   the foot-in-the-door-phenomenon.
C)   hindsight bias.
D)   deindividuation.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Prejudice is best defined as

Accepted Answer

A)   the tendency to favor members of one's own group.
B)   an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members.
C)   a perceived incompatibility of actions or goals.
D)   the belief that victims of misfortune deserve their fate.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 17

We are NOT likely to make the fundamental attribution error if we observe someone

Accepted Answer

A)   in a variety of situations.
B)   who is unemployed.
C)   who is wealthy.
D)   we dislike.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Individuals who are normally law-abiding may vandalize and loot when they become part of a mob. This change in behavior is best understood in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)   social facilitation.
B)   the mere exposure effect.
C)   deindividuation.
D)   ingroup bias.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Research on gender prejudice and discrimination indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)   the majority of the world's children without basic schooling are boys.
B)   in most countries men and women share equally in the duties of child rearing.
C)   people perceive their fathers as more intelligent than their mothers despite gender equality in intelligence scores.
D)   there is little evidence that females are more likely to be aborted than males.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Attribution theory suggests that we tend to attribute others' behavior either to their

Accepted Answer

A)   heredity or their environment.
B)   biological motives or their psychological motives.
C)   thoughts or their emotions.
D)   dispositions or their situations.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 13: Personality

Which of the following persons is most clearly acting aggressively?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Violent crime and spousal abuse rates have been found to be higher during

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

We are NOT likely to make the fundamental attribution error if we observe someone

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Attribution theory suggests that we tend to attribute others' behavior either to their

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research indicates that minorities are most influential when they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Equity and self-disclosure are important to the development of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prejudice is best defined as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sherif planned a disruption of the water supply in a camp in order to observe how social relationships are influenced by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At a conscious level, Aaron doesn't think he's prejudiced. Yet he automatically feels uncomfortable in situations where he has to interact with people of races different from his own. Aaron's experience best illustrates the distinction between

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Feeling responsible for behavior that violates our conscience is most likely to contribute to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Internet communication that enables like-minded health care advocates to share their ideas also serves to strengthen their prevailing health care attitudes. This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Poverty and unemployment are likely to be explained in terms of personal dispositions by ________ and in terms of situational influences by ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Only when experimental participants were informed that a woman was raped did they perceive the woman's behavior as inviting rape. This best illustrates that victim blaming is fueled by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After their country was ravaged by a series of earthquakes, two bitterly antagonistic political groups set aside their differences and worked cooperatively on effective disaster relief. This cooperation best illustrates the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Attitudes are ________ that guide behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research has found that for a minority to succeed in swaying a majority, the minority must

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A perceived incompatibility of your class learning goals and the goals of your class instructor best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Individuals who are normally law-abiding may vandalize and loot when they become part of a mob. This change in behavior is best understood in terms of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on gender prejudice and discrimination indicates that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Social facilitation refers to the tendency to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Poverty and unemployment are likely to be explained in terms of personal dispositions by and in terms of situational influences by .

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